Test Bank for Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice, 4th Edition by Butts & Rich – All 26 Chapters (2024)

, Chapter 1 – Philosophy of Science: An Introduction
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1. Why are natural sciences also referred to as ―pure‖ sciences?
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A. They are considered stand-alone bodies of unique knowledge.
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B. They are the only sciences to which the scientific method can be applied.
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C. They are the original sciences upon which all others are based.
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D. They are not affected by subjectivity in the way other sciences are.
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Ans: A v g




2. Which is not an example of an applied science as used in health care today?
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A. Social work vg




B. Psychotherapy
C. Examination of care disparities vg vg vg




D. Pathology vg




Ans: D v g




3. Roberta firmly believes that individual experiences are the source of all knowledge in t
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heworld. As a scientist, she acknowledges her role as a participant in the experiments she
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performs and does consider herself merely a disconnected observer of phenomenon.
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Roberta’s views are most closTeE
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l of scientific thought?
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A. Natural Science vg




B. Human Science vg




C. Applied Science vg




D. Soft Science vg vg




Ans: B v g




4. What is the ultimate goal of the scientific method?
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A. Application of scientific results to a related body of knowledge in order to meet so
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metype of human need.
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B. Examination of the decisions made by a scientist to understand the ways in wh
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,ichsubjectivity was introduced to the experiment.
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C. Reproducible experimental results that do not take researcher individuality into account.
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D. Improving the situation or process used in the experiment to yield more accurate resu
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ltsin repeat experiments.
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Ans: C v g




5. Which of the following best describes the aim of natural sciences?
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A. Affirmation of the importance of cultural understanding by uncovering the comm
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onsubjective biases of different disciplines.
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B. Improvement of the quality of life by understanding what helps people maximize th
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eirfunctional abilities.
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C. Utilization of knowledge by applying it to a specific purpose in order to better a situat
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ionor change viewpoints.
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D. Development of knowledge for the sake of developing knowledge, discovering truth, a
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ndcontrolling outcomes.
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Ans: D v g




6. Gretchen and Peter are graduate students in the same Physics lab. Their supervisor h
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as asked both of them to perform the same experiment using the same procedure and eq
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uipment. After they’ve both completed their task, the compare their results and discove
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rthat they are nearly identical. Which of the five criteria for science does Gretchen and
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Peter’s discovery exemplify?
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A. Intersubjective testability vg




B. Reliability
C. Definiteness and precision vg vg




D. Coherence


Ans: A v g

, 7. Which statement does not describe a general characteristic of philosophy?
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A. Thinking for the sake of thinking.
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B. Utilization of process and outcome.
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C. Demarcation of wholeness and holism.
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D. Application of epistemology and ontology.
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Ans: Cv g




8. Repetitive patterns of behavior dictated by past experiences is an example of which sou
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rceof knowledge?
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A. Doctrine
B. Common sense vg




C. Tradition
D. Authority vg




Ans: Cv g