,Porth’s Pathophysiology 10th Edition Norris Test Bank
g g g g g g
1. At an international nursing conference, many discussions and breakout sessions focused
g g g g g g g g g g
on the World Health Organization (WHO) views on health. Of the following comments
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
made by nurses during a discussion session, which statements would be considered a
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
good representation of the WHO definition? Select all that apply.
g g g g g g g g g g
A) Interests in keeping the elderly population engaged in such activities as book g g g g g g g g g g g
reviews and word games during social time
g g g g g g g
B) Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes provided in the skilled careg g g g g g g g g g g g
facilities g
C) Interventions geared toward keeping the elderly population diagnosed with g g g g g g g g
diabetes mellitus under tight blood glucose control by providing in-home cooking
g g g g g g g g g g g
classes g
D) Providing transportation for renal dialysis patients to and from their hemodialysis g g g g g g g g g g
sessions g
E) Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of young children g g g g g g g g g
Ans: A, B, C, E
g g g g g
Feedback:
The WHO definition of health is defined as “a state of complete physical, mental, and
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.” Engaging in
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
book reviews facilitates mental and social well-being; chair aerobics helps facilitate
g g g g g g g g g g g
physical well-being; and assisting with tight control of diabetes helps with facilitating
g g g g g g g g g g g g
physical well-being even though the person has a chronic disease. Handwashing is vital
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
in the prevention of disease and spread of germs.
g g g g g g g g g
2. A community health nurse is teaching a group of recent graduates about the large
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
gvariety of factors that influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The nurse is
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
greferring to the Healthy People 2020 report from the U.S. Department of Health and
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
gHuman Services as a teaching example. Of the following aspects discussed, which
g g g g g g g g g g g
gwould be considered a determinant of health that is outside the focus of this report?
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
A) The client has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native American
g g g g g g g g g g g g
descent and practices various alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress.
g g g g g g g g g g g
B) The client has a family history of cardiovascular disease related to
g g g g g g g g g g
hypercholesterolemia and remains noncompliant with the treatment regime.
g g g g g g g g
C) The client has a good career with exceptional preventative health care benefits.
g g g g g g g g g g g
D) The client lives in an affluent, clean, suburban community with access to many
g g g g g g g g g g g g
health care facilities.
g g g
Ans: B g
Feedback:
In Healthy People 2020, the focus is to promote good health to all (such as using
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
galternative therapies to minimize effects of stress); achieving health equity and
g g g g g g g g g g
gpromoting health for all (which includes having good health care benefits); and
g g g g g g g g g g g
gpromoting good health (which includes living in a clean community with good access to
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
ghealth care). A client's noncompliance with treatments to control high cholesterol levels
g g g g g g g g g g g
gwithin the presence of a family history of CV disease does not meet the “attaining lives
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
gfree of preventable disease and premature death” determinant.
g g g g g g g
,3. A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a medical unit of a large,
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
university hospital. The physician is discussing with a colleague the differentiation
g g g g g g g g g g g
between diseases that are caused by abnormal molecules and diseases that cause disease.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
Which of the following patients most clearly demonstrates the consequences of
g g g g g g g g g g g
molecules that cause disease?
g g g g
A) A 31-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a transfusion of
g g g g g g g g g g g g
packed red blood cells
g g g g
B) A 91-year-old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke resulting from
g g g g g g g g g g
familial hypercholesterolemia
g g
C) A 19-year-old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis requiring oxygen
g g g g g g g g g g
therapy and chest physiotherapy
g g g g
D) A 30-year-old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and
g g g g g g g g g g
is HIV positive.
g g g
Ans: D g
Feedback:
PCP is an example of the effect of a molecule that directly contributes to disease. Sickle
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
cell anemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, and cystic fibrosis are all examples of the
g g g g g g g g g g g g
effects of abnormal molecules.
g g g g
4. A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and pathogenesis of a
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
number of clients who are under his care in a hospital context. Which of the following
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
aspects of clients' situations bN
g g esUt R
gchSaI
raN
ctGerTizBe.
s pCaOt hMo ge n e s i s rather than etiology?
g g g g g g g
A) A client who has been exposed to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium
g g g g g g g g g g
B) A client who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis
g g g g g g g g g g g
C) A client who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning
g g g g g g g g g g g
D) A client with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a motor vehicle accident
g g g g g g g g g g g
Ans: B
g g
Feedback:
Pathogenesis refers to the progressive and evolutionary course of disease, such as the
g g g g g g g g g g g g
increasing ammonia levels that accompany liver disease. Bacteria, poisons, and
g g g g g g g g g g
traumatic injuries are examples of etiologic factors.
g g g g g g g
, 5. A new myocardial infarction patient requiring angioplasty and stent placement has
g g g g g g g g g g
arrived to his first cardiac rehabilitation appointment. In this first session, a review of
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease is addressed. Which statement by the patient
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
verifies to the nurse that he has understood the nurse's teachings about coronary artery
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
disease?
g
A) “All I have to do is stop smoking, and then I won't have any more heart attacks.”
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
B) “My artery was clogged by fat, so I will need to stop eating fatty foods like
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
French fries every day.”
g g g g
C) “Sounds like this began because of inflammation inside my artery that made itg g g g g g g g g g g g
easy to form fatty streaks, which lead to my clogged artery.”
g g g g g g g g g g g
D) “If I do not exercise regularly to get my heart rate up, blood pools in the veins
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
causing a clot that stops blood flow to the muscle, and I will have a heart attack.”
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
Ans: C g
Feedback:
The true etiology/cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown; however, the
g g g g g g g g g g g
pathogenesis of the disorder relates to the progression of the inflammatory process from
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
a fatty streak to the occlusive vessel lesion seen in people with coronary artery disease.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
Risk factors for CAD revolve around cigarette smoking, diet high in fat, and lack of
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
exercise.
g
6. A 77-year-old man is a hospital inpatient admitted for exacerbation of his chronic
g g g g g g g g g g g g
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is assessing the
g g g g g g g g g g g g
client for the first time. WhichNU
g g ofRthSeIfN
olG
loTwBin.gCaO
g spMects of the patient's current state of
g g g g g g g g g
health would be best characterized as a symptom rather than a sign?
g g g g g g g g g g g g
A) The patient's oxygen saturation is 83% by pulse oxymetry.
g g g g g g g g
B) The patient notes that he has increased work of breathing when lying supine.
g g g g g g g g g g g g
C) The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the patient's lower lung fields
g g g g g g g g g g g
bilaterally. g
D) The patient's respiratory rate is 31 breaths/minute.
g g g g g g
Ans: B
g g
Feedback:
Symptoms are subjective complaints by the person experiencing the health problem,
g g g g g g g g g g
such as complaints of breathing difficulty. Oxygen levels, listening to breath sounds,
g g g g g g g g g g g g
and respiratory rate are all objective, observable signs of disease.
g g g g g g g g g g
g g g g g g
1. At an international nursing conference, many discussions and breakout sessions focused
g g g g g g g g g g
on the World Health Organization (WHO) views on health. Of the following comments
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
made by nurses during a discussion session, which statements would be considered a
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
good representation of the WHO definition? Select all that apply.
g g g g g g g g g g
A) Interests in keeping the elderly population engaged in such activities as book g g g g g g g g g g g
reviews and word games during social time
g g g g g g g
B) Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes provided in the skilled careg g g g g g g g g g g g
facilities g
C) Interventions geared toward keeping the elderly population diagnosed with g g g g g g g g
diabetes mellitus under tight blood glucose control by providing in-home cooking
g g g g g g g g g g g
classes g
D) Providing transportation for renal dialysis patients to and from their hemodialysis g g g g g g g g g g
sessions g
E) Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of young children g g g g g g g g g
Ans: A, B, C, E
g g g g g
Feedback:
The WHO definition of health is defined as “a state of complete physical, mental, and
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.” Engaging in
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
book reviews facilitates mental and social well-being; chair aerobics helps facilitate
g g g g g g g g g g g
physical well-being; and assisting with tight control of diabetes helps with facilitating
g g g g g g g g g g g g
physical well-being even though the person has a chronic disease. Handwashing is vital
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
in the prevention of disease and spread of germs.
g g g g g g g g g
2. A community health nurse is teaching a group of recent graduates about the large
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
gvariety of factors that influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The nurse is
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
greferring to the Healthy People 2020 report from the U.S. Department of Health and
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
gHuman Services as a teaching example. Of the following aspects discussed, which
g g g g g g g g g g g
gwould be considered a determinant of health that is outside the focus of this report?
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
A) The client has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native American
g g g g g g g g g g g g
descent and practices various alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress.
g g g g g g g g g g g
B) The client has a family history of cardiovascular disease related to
g g g g g g g g g g
hypercholesterolemia and remains noncompliant with the treatment regime.
g g g g g g g g
C) The client has a good career with exceptional preventative health care benefits.
g g g g g g g g g g g
D) The client lives in an affluent, clean, suburban community with access to many
g g g g g g g g g g g g
health care facilities.
g g g
Ans: B g
Feedback:
In Healthy People 2020, the focus is to promote good health to all (such as using
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
galternative therapies to minimize effects of stress); achieving health equity and
g g g g g g g g g g
gpromoting health for all (which includes having good health care benefits); and
g g g g g g g g g g g
gpromoting good health (which includes living in a clean community with good access to
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
ghealth care). A client's noncompliance with treatments to control high cholesterol levels
g g g g g g g g g g g
gwithin the presence of a family history of CV disease does not meet the “attaining lives
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
gfree of preventable disease and premature death” determinant.
g g g g g g g
,3. A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a medical unit of a large,
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
university hospital. The physician is discussing with a colleague the differentiation
g g g g g g g g g g g
between diseases that are caused by abnormal molecules and diseases that cause disease.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
Which of the following patients most clearly demonstrates the consequences of
g g g g g g g g g g g
molecules that cause disease?
g g g g
A) A 31-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a transfusion of
g g g g g g g g g g g g
packed red blood cells
g g g g
B) A 91-year-old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke resulting from
g g g g g g g g g g
familial hypercholesterolemia
g g
C) A 19-year-old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis requiring oxygen
g g g g g g g g g g
therapy and chest physiotherapy
g g g g
D) A 30-year-old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and
g g g g g g g g g g
is HIV positive.
g g g
Ans: D g
Feedback:
PCP is an example of the effect of a molecule that directly contributes to disease. Sickle
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
cell anemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, and cystic fibrosis are all examples of the
g g g g g g g g g g g g
effects of abnormal molecules.
g g g g
4. A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and pathogenesis of a
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
number of clients who are under his care in a hospital context. Which of the following
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
aspects of clients' situations bN
g g esUt R
gchSaI
raN
ctGerTizBe.
s pCaOt hMo ge n e s i s rather than etiology?
g g g g g g g
A) A client who has been exposed to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium
g g g g g g g g g g
B) A client who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis
g g g g g g g g g g g
C) A client who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning
g g g g g g g g g g g
D) A client with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a motor vehicle accident
g g g g g g g g g g g
Ans: B
g g
Feedback:
Pathogenesis refers to the progressive and evolutionary course of disease, such as the
g g g g g g g g g g g g
increasing ammonia levels that accompany liver disease. Bacteria, poisons, and
g g g g g g g g g g
traumatic injuries are examples of etiologic factors.
g g g g g g g
, 5. A new myocardial infarction patient requiring angioplasty and stent placement has
g g g g g g g g g g
arrived to his first cardiac rehabilitation appointment. In this first session, a review of
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease is addressed. Which statement by the patient
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
verifies to the nurse that he has understood the nurse's teachings about coronary artery
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
disease?
g
A) “All I have to do is stop smoking, and then I won't have any more heart attacks.”
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
B) “My artery was clogged by fat, so I will need to stop eating fatty foods like
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
French fries every day.”
g g g g
C) “Sounds like this began because of inflammation inside my artery that made itg g g g g g g g g g g g
easy to form fatty streaks, which lead to my clogged artery.”
g g g g g g g g g g g
D) “If I do not exercise regularly to get my heart rate up, blood pools in the veins
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
causing a clot that stops blood flow to the muscle, and I will have a heart attack.”
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
Ans: C g
Feedback:
The true etiology/cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown; however, the
g g g g g g g g g g g
pathogenesis of the disorder relates to the progression of the inflammatory process from
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
a fatty streak to the occlusive vessel lesion seen in people with coronary artery disease.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
Risk factors for CAD revolve around cigarette smoking, diet high in fat, and lack of
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
exercise.
g
6. A 77-year-old man is a hospital inpatient admitted for exacerbation of his chronic
g g g g g g g g g g g g
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is assessing the
g g g g g g g g g g g g
client for the first time. WhichNU
g g ofRthSeIfN
olG
loTwBin.gCaO
g spMects of the patient's current state of
g g g g g g g g g
health would be best characterized as a symptom rather than a sign?
g g g g g g g g g g g g
A) The patient's oxygen saturation is 83% by pulse oxymetry.
g g g g g g g g
B) The patient notes that he has increased work of breathing when lying supine.
g g g g g g g g g g g g
C) The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the patient's lower lung fields
g g g g g g g g g g g
bilaterally. g
D) The patient's respiratory rate is 31 breaths/minute.
g g g g g g
Ans: B
g g
Feedback:
Symptoms are subjective complaints by the person experiencing the health problem,
g g g g g g g g g g
such as complaints of breathing difficulty. Oxygen levels, listening to breath sounds,
g g g g g g g g g g g g
and respiratory rate are all objective, observable signs of disease.
g g g g g g g g g g
