NU 665C Regis College Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed Latest Update

NU 665C Regis College Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed Latest Update What criteria are used to diagnose alcohol use disorder (AUD) in the DSM-5-TR? - Answers The DSM-5-TR uses 11 criteria, including impaired control, social impairment, risky use, and pharmacologic indicators (tolerance/withdrawal). A diagnosis is made based on: Mild: 2-3 symptoms Moderate: 4-5 symptoms Severe: 6 or more symptoms What are common behavioral signs of alcohol use disorder? - Answers Cravings for alcohol Continued use despite consequences Drinking larger amounts or for longer than intended Failed attempts to cut down Neglect of responsibilities What are the symptoms of alcohol intoxication? - Answers Slurred speech Incoordination Unsteady gait Nystagmus Impaired attention or memory Stupor or coma (in severe cases) What are the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal? - Answers Tremors (6-12 hours after last drink) Anxiety, agitation Tachycardia, hypertension Insomnia Seizures (12-48 hours after last drink) Delirium tremens (DTs) - Hallucinations, confusion, autonomic instability (48-72 hours after last drink) What is delirium tremens (DTs), and when does it occur? - Answers A severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome with confusion, hallucinations, and autonomic hyperactivity (tachycardia, hypertension). Occurs 48-72 hours after last drink. What is the first-line treatment for acute alcohol withdrawal? - Answers Benzodiazepines (e.g., lorazepam, diazepam, chlordiazepoxide) to prevent seizures and DTs. What medications are FDA-approved for alcohol use disorder? - Answers Naltrexone - Blocks opioid receptors, reduces cravings Acamprosate - Modulates glutamate, reduces cravings Disulfiram - Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, causing an aversive reaction if alcohol is consumed Which medication should be avoided in patients with liver disease? - Answers Naltrexone (can cause hepatotoxicity) What are common screening tools for alcohol use disorder? - Answers AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) - Identifies hazardous drinking CAGE questionnaire - 4-question screening for alcohol dependence (Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener) CIWA-Ar (Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol) - Assesses alcohol withdrawal severity What are common screening tools for opioid use disorder? - Answers ORT (Opioid Risk Tool) - Assesses risk of opioid misuse SOAPP (Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain) - Evaluates risk of opioid abuse in chronic pain patients DAST (Drug Abuse Screening Test) - General screening for drug use disorders What are the medication-assisted treatments (MAT) for opioid use disorder? - Answers Methadone - Full opioid agonist, reduces cravings and withdrawal symptoms Buprenorphine/Naloxone (Suboxone) - Partial agonist, reduces cravings and withdrawal, lower overdose risk Naltrexone - Opioid antagonist, blocks euphoric effects, best for highly motivated patients Which medication is first-line for pregnant patients with opioid use disorder? - Answers Methadone or Buprenorphine (without naloxone) What is precipitated withdrawal, and how does it occur? - Answers A rapid and severe withdrawal reaction that happens when a patient on opioids is given naltrexone or buprenorphine too soon. What laboratory abnormalities are common in chronic alcohol use? - Answers Elevated liver enzymes (AST > ALT) Macrocytosis (MCV >100 fL) - Due to folate deficiency Thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency - Risk of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome Hypoglycemia - Due to impaired gluconeogenesis What laboratory findings are associated with opioid use disorder? - Answers Hypoxia - Due to respiratory depression Elevated creatine kinase (CK) - Due to rhabdomyolysis in overdose cases Low testosterone levels - Common in chronic opioid use