Bio 141 - Exam 1 (Chapter 1) |89 Questions and Answers
Define Anatomy - -Anatomy is he study of structure and form of the body parts
-Define Physiology - -Physiology is the study of the function of the body parts
-What is Microscopic Anatomy? Name 2 subdivisions. - -The study of structures that
cannot be seen by the unaided eye. 1) Cytology (study of the body cells and their internal
structure); 2) Histology (study of tissues)
-What is Gross Anatomy? What are the 5 subdivisions? - -Gross anatomy is the study of
structure and the relationships of parts visible to the unaided eye. 1) Systemic anatomy; 2)
Regional Anatomy; 3) Surface Anatomy; 4) Comparative Anatomy; 5) Embryology
-Describe the 6 levels of organization in the human body. - -(From simplest to most
complex) 1) Chemical Level; 2) Cellular Level; 3) Tissue Level; 4) Organ; 5) Organ System
level; 6) Organismal Level
-Name and describe four types of tissues. - -1) Epithelial (Covers exposed surfaces and
lines body cavities); 2) Connective Tissue (Protects, supports, and binds structures and
organs); 3) Muscle Tissue (Produces movement); 4) Nervous Tissue (conducts nerve
impulses for communication)
-Name the 11 Organ Systems - -1 - Integumentary
2 - Muscular
3 - Skeletal
4 - Nervous
5 - Endocrine
6 - Lymphatic
7 - Respiratory
8 - Cardiovascular
9 - Urinary
10 - Digestive
11 - Male / Female Reproductive
-Describe the primary function of the muscular system - -Produce body movement;
generate heat when muscles contract
-Describe the primary function of the Integumentary system - -Provide protection;
regulate body temperature; site of cutaneous receptors and some glands; synthesize
vitamin D; prevent water loss
-Describe the primary function of the skeletal system - -Provide support and protection;
site of homeopoiesis (blood cell production); store calcium and phosphorus; provide sites
for muscle attachment
, -Describe the primary function of the nervous system - -Regulatory system that controls
muscles and some glands; responds to sensory stimuli; responsible for consciousness,
intelligence, and memory
-Describe the primary function of the endocrine system - -Secrete hormones which
regulate development, growth, and metabolism; maintain homeostasis of blood
composition and volume; control digestive processes; control reproduction
-Describe the primary function of the Lymphatic system - -Transport and filter lymphs;
participate in an immune response when necessary.
-Describe the primary function of the Cardiovascular system - -Consists of the heart and
blood vessels; The heart moves blood in order to distribute hormones, nutrients, and gases,
and pick up waste products
-Describe the primary function of the Respiratory System - -Responsible for exchange of
gases between the blood and the air in the lungs
-Describe the primary function of the Urinary System - -Filter the blood to remove waste
and biologically active molecules; concentrate waste in the form of urine and expel urine
from the body
-Describe the primary function of the Digestive SYstem - -Mechanically and chemically
digest food materials; absorb nutrients and expel waste products
-Describe the primary function of the male and female reproductive systems - -Male:
Produce male sex cells (sperm) and hormones; transfer sperm to female.
Female: Produce female sex cells (oocytes) and hormones (estrogen and progesterone);
receive sperm; site of fertilization, growth and development of embryo and fetus; produce
and secrete breastmilk for nourishment of newborn.,
-Describe the anatomic position - -An individual in the anatomic position is standing
upright with the feet parallel and flat on the floor; upper limbs are at the sides of the body,
and the palms face anteriorly (towards the front); the head is level and the eyes look
forward to the observer.
-Name & Describe the 3 Body Planes - -1 - Coronal (aka: frontal plane; a vertical plane that
divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts.
2 - Transverse (aka: horizontal or cross-sectional plane; divides the body or organ into
superior (top) and inferior (bottom) parts.
3- Midsagittal (aka: median plane; a vertical plane that divides the body into left and right
halves. A sagittal plane is parallel to the midsagittal plane and divides the structure into left
or right but the portions are not equal)
4 - Oblique (pass through a structure at an angle)
Define Anatomy - -Anatomy is he study of structure and form of the body parts
-Define Physiology - -Physiology is the study of the function of the body parts
-What is Microscopic Anatomy? Name 2 subdivisions. - -The study of structures that
cannot be seen by the unaided eye. 1) Cytology (study of the body cells and their internal
structure); 2) Histology (study of tissues)
-What is Gross Anatomy? What are the 5 subdivisions? - -Gross anatomy is the study of
structure and the relationships of parts visible to the unaided eye. 1) Systemic anatomy; 2)
Regional Anatomy; 3) Surface Anatomy; 4) Comparative Anatomy; 5) Embryology
-Describe the 6 levels of organization in the human body. - -(From simplest to most
complex) 1) Chemical Level; 2) Cellular Level; 3) Tissue Level; 4) Organ; 5) Organ System
level; 6) Organismal Level
-Name and describe four types of tissues. - -1) Epithelial (Covers exposed surfaces and
lines body cavities); 2) Connective Tissue (Protects, supports, and binds structures and
organs); 3) Muscle Tissue (Produces movement); 4) Nervous Tissue (conducts nerve
impulses for communication)
-Name the 11 Organ Systems - -1 - Integumentary
2 - Muscular
3 - Skeletal
4 - Nervous
5 - Endocrine
6 - Lymphatic
7 - Respiratory
8 - Cardiovascular
9 - Urinary
10 - Digestive
11 - Male / Female Reproductive
-Describe the primary function of the muscular system - -Produce body movement;
generate heat when muscles contract
-Describe the primary function of the Integumentary system - -Provide protection;
regulate body temperature; site of cutaneous receptors and some glands; synthesize
vitamin D; prevent water loss
-Describe the primary function of the skeletal system - -Provide support and protection;
site of homeopoiesis (blood cell production); store calcium and phosphorus; provide sites
for muscle attachment
, -Describe the primary function of the nervous system - -Regulatory system that controls
muscles and some glands; responds to sensory stimuli; responsible for consciousness,
intelligence, and memory
-Describe the primary function of the endocrine system - -Secrete hormones which
regulate development, growth, and metabolism; maintain homeostasis of blood
composition and volume; control digestive processes; control reproduction
-Describe the primary function of the Lymphatic system - -Transport and filter lymphs;
participate in an immune response when necessary.
-Describe the primary function of the Cardiovascular system - -Consists of the heart and
blood vessels; The heart moves blood in order to distribute hormones, nutrients, and gases,
and pick up waste products
-Describe the primary function of the Respiratory System - -Responsible for exchange of
gases between the blood and the air in the lungs
-Describe the primary function of the Urinary System - -Filter the blood to remove waste
and biologically active molecules; concentrate waste in the form of urine and expel urine
from the body
-Describe the primary function of the Digestive SYstem - -Mechanically and chemically
digest food materials; absorb nutrients and expel waste products
-Describe the primary function of the male and female reproductive systems - -Male:
Produce male sex cells (sperm) and hormones; transfer sperm to female.
Female: Produce female sex cells (oocytes) and hormones (estrogen and progesterone);
receive sperm; site of fertilization, growth and development of embryo and fetus; produce
and secrete breastmilk for nourishment of newborn.,
-Describe the anatomic position - -An individual in the anatomic position is standing
upright with the feet parallel and flat on the floor; upper limbs are at the sides of the body,
and the palms face anteriorly (towards the front); the head is level and the eyes look
forward to the observer.
-Name & Describe the 3 Body Planes - -1 - Coronal (aka: frontal plane; a vertical plane that
divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts.
2 - Transverse (aka: horizontal or cross-sectional plane; divides the body or organ into
superior (top) and inferior (bottom) parts.
3- Midsagittal (aka: median plane; a vertical plane that divides the body into left and right
halves. A sagittal plane is parallel to the midsagittal plane and divides the structure into left
or right but the portions are not equal)
4 - Oblique (pass through a structure at an angle)
