BIO 260: Bacteria and Virus Genetics
1. 1. Reproduction is rapid.
2. Many progeny are produced.
3. The haploid genome allows all mutations to be expressed directly.
4. Asexual reproduction simplifies the isolation of genetically pure strains.
5. Growth in the laboratory is easy and requires little space.
6. Genomes are small.
7. Techniques are available for isolating and manipulating their genes.
8. They have medical importance.
9. They can be genetically engineered to produce substances of commercial
value.: Advantages of using bacteria and viruses for genetic studies
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, 2. Prototrophs: wildtype bacteria, grows normal in most conditions
3. Auxotrophs: mutant variant of prototroph; cannot synthesize a necessary nutrient for gr owth
4. Bacteria DNA: single, circular chromosome (haploid (1n)) that undergoes binary fiss ion
5. Plasmids: small circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from the bacterial chromosome
extra-chromosomal DNA elements
-contains genes not crucial to survival in normal conditions
-replicate independent from rest of DNA
-Ex. F factor, ColE1 factor, and R element.
- The donor bacterium is the F+ and the recipient is the F-results in two F+ bacteria.
6. Horizontal Gene Transfer: A process in which an organism incorporates genetic material from another
organism without being the offspring of that organism
7. Conjugation, Transformation, Transduction: Types of Horizontal Gene Transfer
8. Conjugation Horizontal Gene Transfer: sharing DNA via cytoplasmic bridge
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1. 1. Reproduction is rapid.
2. Many progeny are produced.
3. The haploid genome allows all mutations to be expressed directly.
4. Asexual reproduction simplifies the isolation of genetically pure strains.
5. Growth in the laboratory is easy and requires little space.
6. Genomes are small.
7. Techniques are available for isolating and manipulating their genes.
8. They have medical importance.
9. They can be genetically engineered to produce substances of commercial
value.: Advantages of using bacteria and viruses for genetic studies
1/3
, 2. Prototrophs: wildtype bacteria, grows normal in most conditions
3. Auxotrophs: mutant variant of prototroph; cannot synthesize a necessary nutrient for gr owth
4. Bacteria DNA: single, circular chromosome (haploid (1n)) that undergoes binary fiss ion
5. Plasmids: small circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from the bacterial chromosome
extra-chromosomal DNA elements
-contains genes not crucial to survival in normal conditions
-replicate independent from rest of DNA
-Ex. F factor, ColE1 factor, and R element.
- The donor bacterium is the F+ and the recipient is the F-results in two F+ bacteria.
6. Horizontal Gene Transfer: A process in which an organism incorporates genetic material from another
organism without being the offspring of that organism
7. Conjugation, Transformation, Transduction: Types of Horizontal Gene Transfer
8. Conjugation Horizontal Gene Transfer: sharing DNA via cytoplasmic bridge
2/3
