Bio 204 Exam 3
1. What are the characteristics of all animals: -Multicellular (division of labor)
-heterotrophic
-eukaryotic
-lack cell walls (held together by extracellular matric of proteins, mostly collagen)
(most have tissues) (most have larvae)
2. How would you determine that Pyura Chilensis is an animal and not a plant
or a fungus?
a. presence of cellulose in cell wall
b. presence of chitin in cell wall
c. presence of peptidoglycan in cell wall
d. none of the above: d. none of the above
3. Besides absence of a cell wall, how would you determine that it is an animal
,and not a fungus?: source of carbon
4. What are the advantages of multicellularity?: -division of labor
-more eflcient gas exchange (better surface to volume ratio)
-organisms can grow larger
-damaged cells can be repaired (rather than die)
5. Life history of animals?: -most use SEXUAL REPORODUCTION, diploid stage dominates the life cycle
ZYGOTE
MBRYONIC GERM
-MEIOSIS is used to form haploid gametes; FERTILIZATION restores diploid number by forming a
-zygotes undergo mitosis (CLEAVAGE) to form a multicellular BLASTULA; GASTRULATION forms E
LAYERS (ectoderm and endoderm)
-most have larvae
6. What is larvae?: Immature forms that are morphologically different from the adult
7. Distinguish between diploblastic and triploblastic tissues.: -Diploblastic: two layers;
radial symmetry
-Triploblastic: three layers; bilateral symmetry
8. What are embryonic germ layers?: cell layers that give rise to tissues in adults
9. what are the embryonic germ layers of animals?: -ectoderm: covers surface area of embryo;
,gives rise to cells in contact with environment and nervous system
-endoderm: inner most layer, lining embryonic gut tube (archenteron); gives rise to lining of digestive tract
-Mesoderm: middle layer in bilateral animals only; gives rise to muscles and most organs (only in triploblastic)
, 10. Define each type of symmetry.: -Asymmetry: no definable symmetry
-Radial: any plane divides animal into equal halves; tend to be sessile
-bilateral: only one plane divides animal into equal halves; tend to be motile
11. what is a coelom?: fluid-filled cavity lined by a mesodermal peritoneum (only relevant to triploblastic
animals)
12. what are the types of coelom?: acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, coelomate
13. define coelomates: -possess true coelom; functions as a hydrostatic skeleton and is olates organs
14. Define pseudocoelomate: -fluid filled cavity not completely lines by mesoderm
15. Define acoelomate: -lack the fluid filled cavities of other animals
16. why would evolution of body cavities be advantageous?: -provide room for organ
development
-provides more surface area for diffusion of gases, nutrients, and wastes into and out of organs
1. What are the characteristics of all animals: -Multicellular (division of labor)
-heterotrophic
-eukaryotic
-lack cell walls (held together by extracellular matric of proteins, mostly collagen)
(most have tissues) (most have larvae)
2. How would you determine that Pyura Chilensis is an animal and not a plant
or a fungus?
a. presence of cellulose in cell wall
b. presence of chitin in cell wall
c. presence of peptidoglycan in cell wall
d. none of the above: d. none of the above
3. Besides absence of a cell wall, how would you determine that it is an animal
,and not a fungus?: source of carbon
4. What are the advantages of multicellularity?: -division of labor
-more eflcient gas exchange (better surface to volume ratio)
-organisms can grow larger
-damaged cells can be repaired (rather than die)
5. Life history of animals?: -most use SEXUAL REPORODUCTION, diploid stage dominates the life cycle
ZYGOTE
MBRYONIC GERM
-MEIOSIS is used to form haploid gametes; FERTILIZATION restores diploid number by forming a
-zygotes undergo mitosis (CLEAVAGE) to form a multicellular BLASTULA; GASTRULATION forms E
LAYERS (ectoderm and endoderm)
-most have larvae
6. What is larvae?: Immature forms that are morphologically different from the adult
7. Distinguish between diploblastic and triploblastic tissues.: -Diploblastic: two layers;
radial symmetry
-Triploblastic: three layers; bilateral symmetry
8. What are embryonic germ layers?: cell layers that give rise to tissues in adults
9. what are the embryonic germ layers of animals?: -ectoderm: covers surface area of embryo;
,gives rise to cells in contact with environment and nervous system
-endoderm: inner most layer, lining embryonic gut tube (archenteron); gives rise to lining of digestive tract
-Mesoderm: middle layer in bilateral animals only; gives rise to muscles and most organs (only in triploblastic)
, 10. Define each type of symmetry.: -Asymmetry: no definable symmetry
-Radial: any plane divides animal into equal halves; tend to be sessile
-bilateral: only one plane divides animal into equal halves; tend to be motile
11. what is a coelom?: fluid-filled cavity lined by a mesodermal peritoneum (only relevant to triploblastic
animals)
12. what are the types of coelom?: acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, coelomate
13. define coelomates: -possess true coelom; functions as a hydrostatic skeleton and is olates organs
14. Define pseudocoelomate: -fluid filled cavity not completely lines by mesoderm
15. Define acoelomate: -lack the fluid filled cavities of other animals
16. why would evolution of body cavities be advantageous?: -provide room for organ
development
-provides more surface area for diffusion of gases, nutrients, and wastes into and out of organs
