USMLE Step 2 CK Board Preparation: General Principals
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_99fxew
1. In a morbidity study about lead toxicity among em- .0266
ployees in a battery manufacturing company, three
patients were seen at the clinic over the last 3 months
with complaints indicating acute lead toxicity. 5 pa-
tients are already undergoing treatment caused by
chronic lead exposure the previous year. 1 patient
death was reported that year. If 300 employees have
been at risk over the past year and 250 before that,
what is the prevalence of toxicity at the present time?
2. A 17-year-old female high school student presents Oral metronidazole and
with copious yellow vaginal discharge. She has been test the patient and her
sexually active with a new partner for the past several partner for other STIs
months. She states that they use condoms because
she intends to go to college and does not want to
become pregnant. However, there have been a few
occasions in the beginning of the relationship where
they did not use protection. She has no history of STIs
(Sexually Transmitted Infections). This is her first sexu-
al partner, but she is unsure if her partner is monoga-
mous. A speculum examination reveals a "strawberry"
cervix, petechial lesions in the upper vagina, and a
malodorous, yellow-green discharge. A potassium hy-
droxide preparation reveals no organisms, and results
of a Giemsa stain are shown.
What is the most appropriate treatment?
3. A clinical trial is carried out to determine the impact T-test
of adding diet and exercise to conventional therapy in
reducing the risk of death of patients recovering from
heart surgery. Patients are randomly assigned to 1 of
the 2 study arms as follows:
, USMLE Step 2 CK Board Preparation: General Principals
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_99fxew
conventional therapy only
conventional therapy plus new diet and new exercise
program
Study design includes patients follow-up every 2
months for the 1st year, and then every 6 months for
the next 4 years. Collected information includes:
Sex
Age at time of surgery
Weight (at entry into trial and at each visit)
Percentage of body fat (at entry and at each visit)
Survival status and date of death where applicable
Need for further surgery and date where applicable
A grading for actual activity level (1-5, with 1 = seden-
tary and 5 = very active)
What would be the simplest statistical test to compare
the percentage of body fat between the 2 study groups
at the 1-year time point?
4. In a group of 210 factory workers, 120 had exposure to Venn diagram
solvents alone, 60 had exposure to lead alone, and 30
had exposure to both lead and solvents. What type of
graphical depiction is best suited to show the data?
5. 77-year-old woman presents for a routine examina- Mild cognitive impairment
tion. She is worried about her memory; she has been
forgetting where she puts things, such as keys, utility
bills, or bank statements. She has no troubles with the
activities of daily living. On examination, you find that
there was no deterioration in her chronic heart disease
due to high blood pressure (high blood pressure is
effectively managed), but her cholesterol is still high
and you recommend that she continue taking statins.
, USMLE Step 2 CK Board Preparation: General Principals
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_99fxew
Her family history is noncontributing. Both Mini-Men-
tal State Examination and Clinical Dementia Rating
scale suggests that her global cognitive function is
satisfactory. Geriatric Depression Scale score excludes
depression. What is the most likely diagnosis?
6. 75-year-old woman came to a physician's office be- Positive predictive value
cause of signs and symptoms of systemic lupus ery-
thematosus (SLE). The physician's decision to order a
diagnostic test like the anti nuclear antibody (ANA)
test is affected by numerous questions; a low index
of suspicion (1 or 2/100) in this age group, accuracy
of the ANA test in the population with SLE, and how
frequently the ANA test is negative to those without
SLE. If the physician would analyze a contingency table
from a study of a sample population who are being
tested for the disease (SLE), the probability of the old
woman having SLE with a positive test result, is the
definition of what?
7. 39-year-old female breast cancer patient comes into If the new treatment is effi-
your office to discuss a new form of treatment. She un- cacious
derwent lumpectomy and radiation therapy 6 months
ago, but is concerned about her cancer returning. She
has been actively searching for different treatment
options and has learned about a Phase II clinical trial of
a new breast cancer vaccine. She wants to know what a
'Phase II' trial is. What would you explain to her about
a Phase II trial and what it determines?
8. 56-year-old woman presents for a routine physical Dermal aging
exam. She has been myopic since childhood, and she
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_99fxew
1. In a morbidity study about lead toxicity among em- .0266
ployees in a battery manufacturing company, three
patients were seen at the clinic over the last 3 months
with complaints indicating acute lead toxicity. 5 pa-
tients are already undergoing treatment caused by
chronic lead exposure the previous year. 1 patient
death was reported that year. If 300 employees have
been at risk over the past year and 250 before that,
what is the prevalence of toxicity at the present time?
2. A 17-year-old female high school student presents Oral metronidazole and
with copious yellow vaginal discharge. She has been test the patient and her
sexually active with a new partner for the past several partner for other STIs
months. She states that they use condoms because
she intends to go to college and does not want to
become pregnant. However, there have been a few
occasions in the beginning of the relationship where
they did not use protection. She has no history of STIs
(Sexually Transmitted Infections). This is her first sexu-
al partner, but she is unsure if her partner is monoga-
mous. A speculum examination reveals a "strawberry"
cervix, petechial lesions in the upper vagina, and a
malodorous, yellow-green discharge. A potassium hy-
droxide preparation reveals no organisms, and results
of a Giemsa stain are shown.
What is the most appropriate treatment?
3. A clinical trial is carried out to determine the impact T-test
of adding diet and exercise to conventional therapy in
reducing the risk of death of patients recovering from
heart surgery. Patients are randomly assigned to 1 of
the 2 study arms as follows:
, USMLE Step 2 CK Board Preparation: General Principals
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_99fxew
conventional therapy only
conventional therapy plus new diet and new exercise
program
Study design includes patients follow-up every 2
months for the 1st year, and then every 6 months for
the next 4 years. Collected information includes:
Sex
Age at time of surgery
Weight (at entry into trial and at each visit)
Percentage of body fat (at entry and at each visit)
Survival status and date of death where applicable
Need for further surgery and date where applicable
A grading for actual activity level (1-5, with 1 = seden-
tary and 5 = very active)
What would be the simplest statistical test to compare
the percentage of body fat between the 2 study groups
at the 1-year time point?
4. In a group of 210 factory workers, 120 had exposure to Venn diagram
solvents alone, 60 had exposure to lead alone, and 30
had exposure to both lead and solvents. What type of
graphical depiction is best suited to show the data?
5. 77-year-old woman presents for a routine examina- Mild cognitive impairment
tion. She is worried about her memory; she has been
forgetting where she puts things, such as keys, utility
bills, or bank statements. She has no troubles with the
activities of daily living. On examination, you find that
there was no deterioration in her chronic heart disease
due to high blood pressure (high blood pressure is
effectively managed), but her cholesterol is still high
and you recommend that she continue taking statins.
, USMLE Step 2 CK Board Preparation: General Principals
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_99fxew
Her family history is noncontributing. Both Mini-Men-
tal State Examination and Clinical Dementia Rating
scale suggests that her global cognitive function is
satisfactory. Geriatric Depression Scale score excludes
depression. What is the most likely diagnosis?
6. 75-year-old woman came to a physician's office be- Positive predictive value
cause of signs and symptoms of systemic lupus ery-
thematosus (SLE). The physician's decision to order a
diagnostic test like the anti nuclear antibody (ANA)
test is affected by numerous questions; a low index
of suspicion (1 or 2/100) in this age group, accuracy
of the ANA test in the population with SLE, and how
frequently the ANA test is negative to those without
SLE. If the physician would analyze a contingency table
from a study of a sample population who are being
tested for the disease (SLE), the probability of the old
woman having SLE with a positive test result, is the
definition of what?
7. 39-year-old female breast cancer patient comes into If the new treatment is effi-
your office to discuss a new form of treatment. She un- cacious
derwent lumpectomy and radiation therapy 6 months
ago, but is concerned about her cancer returning. She
has been actively searching for different treatment
options and has learned about a Phase II clinical trial of
a new breast cancer vaccine. She wants to know what a
'Phase II' trial is. What would you explain to her about
a Phase II trial and what it determines?
8. 56-year-old woman presents for a routine physical Dermal aging
exam. She has been myopic since childhood, and she
