CONDITIONS EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT SOLUTIONS
Risk factors for Cerebral Palsy - ANSWER-Prematurity, low birth weight (strong risk
factors)
Maternal infection during pregnancy and time of birth
Cerebral palsy is the most common _____ disability in childhood - ANSWER-Motor
DSM-V diagnostic criteria for ASD - ANSWER--persistent deficits in social
communication and social interaction
-deficits in social emotional reciprocity
-deficits nonverbal communicative behaviors (eye contact and Body language)
-deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships
-repetitive motor movements (objects or speech)
-insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns
-fixated interests, or abnormal intensity or focus
-hyper or hypo activity to sensory input
Core symptoms of ASD - ANSWER-• Difficulty in social interaction
• Challenges interpreting body language/facial expressions of other people
• Difficulty developing friendships with peers
• Theory of mind limitations: defines social dysfunction as a result of not understanding
the thoughts, beliefs, knowledge, and desires of others
• Limited or repetitive play routines
• Delays in basic language development
• Echolalia (repetitive speech with no contextual meaning)
echolalia - ANSWER-repetitive speech with no contextual meaning
cause of ASD - ANSWER--likely originates in utero due to errors in genes causing
abnormalities in brain structure and function
brain abnormalities in ASD - ANSWER--abnormalities in neural networking between
multiple areas of the brain
-by age 3 or 4 increased volume and head circumference
- dysfunction of the cerebellum and decrease in purkinje cells found near the cerebellum
-neurons in inferior olive appear larger in young children and small and pale in
adulthood
-reduced activation of the frontal lobe
- some frontal lobes appear larger in children with ASD
-limbic system structures such as amygdala and hippocampus appear abnormal
,environmental factors that may play a role in ASD? - ANSWER--prenatal or postnatal
exposure to viruses
-infections
-drug/alcohol
-endocrine factors
-carbon monoxide
common co-occuring conditions with ASD - ANSWER-• Sensory processing disorder
• Delayed fine and gross motor development
• Food selectively and food refusal behaviors
• Disturbances of daily routines (sleep, wake, eating, and toileting)
• Gastrointestinal issues
ASD impact on ADLs - ANSWER-o Difficulty with sequencing steps
o Poor tolerance of sensory stimuli involved in all ADL areas
o Distraction by sensory properties of ADL routines
o Poor food intake, poor tolerance for food variety, restricted diets
o Challenging mealtime behaviors
o Lack of independence
o Strong attachment to preferred tasks, routine, process
o Lack of general awareness for daily routines as part of family system
ASD impact on rest and sleep - ANSWER-o Elaborate sleep rituals
o Unable to go to sleep
o Unable to stay asleep
o Unable to wake and remain alert for daily tasks
o Inconsistent daily nap schedules
ASD impact on education - ANSWER-o Difficulty with written expression, letter
formation, drawing, cutting
o Difficulty maintain self-regulation within classroom environment or during school day
o Difficulty managing and organizing tasks and responsibilities
o Potentially learns materials in non-traditional way
o Can have interest in technological applications
ASD surgical/medical management - ANSWER-• Pharmacologic therapy
• Complementary and alternative medicine
o Supplements
o Gluten-free, casein-free diet
o Chelation
o Antibiotic treatment
o Antifungal treatment
ASD level 1 mild to moderate - ANSWER--has use of sentence level language but often
has difficulty using language functionally without support
, -may have less interest in social engagement than typically developing peers or is
sometimes described as odd or atypical
- attempts to make friends may fail when social cues are missed
- is most comfortable in a well-worn routine
ASD level 2: severe to moderate - ANSWER-- may have some use of language but
verbal and nonverbal communication is limited
- difficulty with meaningful engagement with others and attempts are often viewed as
odd or unusual
- may attempt conversation around a restricted interest like trains, numbers, or
electricity and unable to shift to a topic of mutual interest
- insistence on sameness and inflexibility is noticeable to others outside of the child's
immediate social circle
-this child requires substantial intervention to engage in meaningful occupations
ASD level 3: very severe - ANSWER--often does not have verbal language and/or use
of language is very limited and atypical
- does not seek engagement with others except occasionally to get needs met
- when attempting to communicate a needle does so with unusual and often ineffectual
attempts
- frequently ignores or does not respond to even very direct attempts from others to
engage socially
-extreme inflexibility and resistance to change. May have self injurious behavior with
changes in routine
- even with intervention, this child's autism very significantly interferes with participation
in meaningful occupations
400% increased probability of CP in - ANSWER-twin births
Type of Brain Injuries w/ CP - ANSWER-Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL): damage to
white matter in the brain
Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE): perinatal asphyxia
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH): bleeding into the brain's ventricular system
Cerebral dysgenesis: brain malformation
CP description - ANSWER-- injury or lesion of the immature brain during prenatal,
perinatal, or postnatal development
- non-progressive lesion of CNS
-multi clinical syndromes
-developmental disability
-always affects movement, muscle tone, and coordination
-muscle and nerves connecting to spinal cord are normal
Primary impairments of CP - ANSWER-abnormal muscle tone
muscle weakness
postural abnormalities
CORRECT SOLUTIONS
Risk factors for Cerebral Palsy - ANSWER-Prematurity, low birth weight (strong risk
factors)
Maternal infection during pregnancy and time of birth
Cerebral palsy is the most common _____ disability in childhood - ANSWER-Motor
DSM-V diagnostic criteria for ASD - ANSWER--persistent deficits in social
communication and social interaction
-deficits in social emotional reciprocity
-deficits nonverbal communicative behaviors (eye contact and Body language)
-deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships
-repetitive motor movements (objects or speech)
-insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns
-fixated interests, or abnormal intensity or focus
-hyper or hypo activity to sensory input
Core symptoms of ASD - ANSWER-• Difficulty in social interaction
• Challenges interpreting body language/facial expressions of other people
• Difficulty developing friendships with peers
• Theory of mind limitations: defines social dysfunction as a result of not understanding
the thoughts, beliefs, knowledge, and desires of others
• Limited or repetitive play routines
• Delays in basic language development
• Echolalia (repetitive speech with no contextual meaning)
echolalia - ANSWER-repetitive speech with no contextual meaning
cause of ASD - ANSWER--likely originates in utero due to errors in genes causing
abnormalities in brain structure and function
brain abnormalities in ASD - ANSWER--abnormalities in neural networking between
multiple areas of the brain
-by age 3 or 4 increased volume and head circumference
- dysfunction of the cerebellum and decrease in purkinje cells found near the cerebellum
-neurons in inferior olive appear larger in young children and small and pale in
adulthood
-reduced activation of the frontal lobe
- some frontal lobes appear larger in children with ASD
-limbic system structures such as amygdala and hippocampus appear abnormal
,environmental factors that may play a role in ASD? - ANSWER--prenatal or postnatal
exposure to viruses
-infections
-drug/alcohol
-endocrine factors
-carbon monoxide
common co-occuring conditions with ASD - ANSWER-• Sensory processing disorder
• Delayed fine and gross motor development
• Food selectively and food refusal behaviors
• Disturbances of daily routines (sleep, wake, eating, and toileting)
• Gastrointestinal issues
ASD impact on ADLs - ANSWER-o Difficulty with sequencing steps
o Poor tolerance of sensory stimuli involved in all ADL areas
o Distraction by sensory properties of ADL routines
o Poor food intake, poor tolerance for food variety, restricted diets
o Challenging mealtime behaviors
o Lack of independence
o Strong attachment to preferred tasks, routine, process
o Lack of general awareness for daily routines as part of family system
ASD impact on rest and sleep - ANSWER-o Elaborate sleep rituals
o Unable to go to sleep
o Unable to stay asleep
o Unable to wake and remain alert for daily tasks
o Inconsistent daily nap schedules
ASD impact on education - ANSWER-o Difficulty with written expression, letter
formation, drawing, cutting
o Difficulty maintain self-regulation within classroom environment or during school day
o Difficulty managing and organizing tasks and responsibilities
o Potentially learns materials in non-traditional way
o Can have interest in technological applications
ASD surgical/medical management - ANSWER-• Pharmacologic therapy
• Complementary and alternative medicine
o Supplements
o Gluten-free, casein-free diet
o Chelation
o Antibiotic treatment
o Antifungal treatment
ASD level 1 mild to moderate - ANSWER--has use of sentence level language but often
has difficulty using language functionally without support
, -may have less interest in social engagement than typically developing peers or is
sometimes described as odd or atypical
- attempts to make friends may fail when social cues are missed
- is most comfortable in a well-worn routine
ASD level 2: severe to moderate - ANSWER-- may have some use of language but
verbal and nonverbal communication is limited
- difficulty with meaningful engagement with others and attempts are often viewed as
odd or unusual
- may attempt conversation around a restricted interest like trains, numbers, or
electricity and unable to shift to a topic of mutual interest
- insistence on sameness and inflexibility is noticeable to others outside of the child's
immediate social circle
-this child requires substantial intervention to engage in meaningful occupations
ASD level 3: very severe - ANSWER--often does not have verbal language and/or use
of language is very limited and atypical
- does not seek engagement with others except occasionally to get needs met
- when attempting to communicate a needle does so with unusual and often ineffectual
attempts
- frequently ignores or does not respond to even very direct attempts from others to
engage socially
-extreme inflexibility and resistance to change. May have self injurious behavior with
changes in routine
- even with intervention, this child's autism very significantly interferes with participation
in meaningful occupations
400% increased probability of CP in - ANSWER-twin births
Type of Brain Injuries w/ CP - ANSWER-Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL): damage to
white matter in the brain
Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE): perinatal asphyxia
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH): bleeding into the brain's ventricular system
Cerebral dysgenesis: brain malformation
CP description - ANSWER-- injury or lesion of the immature brain during prenatal,
perinatal, or postnatal development
- non-progressive lesion of CNS
-multi clinical syndromes
-developmental disability
-always affects movement, muscle tone, and coordination
-muscle and nerves connecting to spinal cord are normal
Primary impairments of CP - ANSWER-abnormal muscle tone
muscle weakness
postural abnormalities
