TEST BANK FOR ETHICS AND LAW IN
v v v v v v v
DENTAL HYGIENE 3RDEDITION BY
v v v v v
BEEMSTERBOER-latest-2023
v
Chapter 01: Ethics and Professionalism
v v v v
Beemsterboer: Ethics and Law in Dental Hygiene, 3rd Edition
v v v v v v v v
MULTIPLE CHOICE v
1. When was the inception of the profession of dental hygiene?
v v v v v v v v v
a. In ancient Greece v v
b. In the early 1800sv v v
c. In the early 1900sv v v
d. In 1979 v
ANS: C v
The scope of practice of a dental hygienist was first established by law in Connecticut in
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
1915. Alfred C. Fones taught his dental assistant, Irene Newman, to treat patients and to teach
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
them to maintain their mouths in a clean state. In 1913, Fones established the first school for
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
dental hygienists in Bridgeport, Connecticut. The first oath written for dental hygienists called
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
upon Apollo and Hygeia, who were the Greek god and goddess of health, respectively. A
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
modernized version of the first oath was adopted by the Board of Trustees of the American
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Dental Hygienists’ Association (ADHA) in 1979.
v v v v v v
DIF: Recall REF: p. 3 OBJ: 1 v v v
TOP: 7.0 Professional Responsibility | 7.1 Ethical Principles, including informed consent
v v v v v v v v v v
2. Which member of the dental team is the primary oral preventive therapist?
v v v v v v v v v v v
a. Dentist
b. Dental hygienist v
c. Dental assistant v
d. Receptionist
ANS: B v
The dental hygienist is the oral preventive therapist in the dental office. The dentists who
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
pioneered this special field of endeavor had a vision of the day when dental disease could be
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
prevented by following a system of treatment and cleanliness. The dentist is primarily
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
concerned with restorative treatment, although he or she also shares in preventing oral disease.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
The dental assistant assists the dentist and may assist the dental hygienist as well. The
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
receptionist greets patients and may help with the business and financial aspects of the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
practice.
v
DIF: Recall REF: p. 4 OBJ: 1 v v v
TOP: 7.0 Professional Responsibility | 7.4 General
v v v v v v
3. The dental hygiene oath is revised by action of which of the following professional
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vorganizations?
a. The American Dental Association (ADA)
v v v v
b. The American Dental Hygienists’ Association (ADHA)
v v v v v
c. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
v v v v v v
d. The Organization for Safety, Asepsis, and Prevention (OSAP)
v v v v v v v
e. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
v v v v v
ANS: B v
, The first dental hygiene oath was adopted by the Board of Trustees of the American Dental
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Hygienists’ Association (ADHA) in 1979 and is still in use today. The oath may be seen at the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
following website (www.adha.org/aboutadha/dhoath.htm). The American Dental Association
v v v v v v v
has an oath for dentists. A copy of each oath may be found in the textbook.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
DIF: Recall REF: p. 3 OBJ: 1 v v v
TOP: 7.0 Professional Responsibility | 7.4 General
v v v v v v
4. Success is measured by financial gain in the corporate world; however, for the health care
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vprofessional the patient’s welfare is placed above profit.
v v v v v v v
a. Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
v v v v v v v v
b. Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related.
v v v v v v v v v
c. The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT.
v v v v v v v v
d. The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
v v v v v v v v v
e. NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct. v v v v v v v
ANS: A v
Because the welfare of the patient is more important than profit, society has granted the health
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
care professional a certain status that carries prestige, power, and the right to apply special
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
knowledge and skills.
v v v
DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 4 v v OBJ: 2 v
TOP: 7.0 Professional Responsibility | 7.4 General
v v v v v v v
5. Society recognizes that health care providers are held to a higher standard than legislative
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vmandate. These higher standards are expressed in professional codes of ethics and are
v v v v v v v v v v v v
venforced by the legal system. v v v v
a. Both statements are true. v v v
b. Both statements are false.v v v
c. The first statement is true, the second statement is false.
v v v v v v v v v
d. The first statement is false, the second statement is true.
v v v v v v v v v
ANS: C v
Health care providers are held to a higher standard than can be expressed exclusively by
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
legislative mandate. While it is true that these higher standards are expressed in professional
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
codes of ethics, they are enforced by those within the profession rather than by the legal
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
system. Important components of this enforcement include self-regulation and submission to
v v v v v v v v v v v
peer review.
v v
DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 4 v v OBJ: 1 v
TOP: 7.0 Professional Responsibility | 7.4 General
v v v v v v v
6. Which of the following is regarded as the most important aspect of the delivery of health care
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vservices?
a. Technical skill v
b. Appropriate knowledge v
c. Critical judgment v
d. Caring
ANS: D v
, Although all of the choices are important, caring is regarded as the most important. Patients
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
perceive this essence of caring and respond to it. Trust is the critical foundation for the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
relationship between the person seeking services and the health care provider. The caring that
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
the patient seeks also gives the provider the greatest opportunity for professional service and
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
satisfaction.
v
DIF: Recall REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 v v v
TOP: 7.0 Professional Responsibility | 7.4 General
v v v v v v
7. The publication “Medical Professionalism in the New Millennium: A Physician Charter” set
v v v v v v v v v v v
vout three fundamental principles, including patient welfare, patient autonomy, and the
v v v v v v v v v v
vprinciple of social justice, because it is thought this will reinvigorate the value of
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vprofessionalism.
a. Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
v v v v v v v v
b. Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related.
v v v v v v v v v
c. The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT.
v v v v v v v v
d. The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
v v v v v v v v v
e. NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct. v v v v v v v
ANS: A v
The Physician Charter sets out three fundamental principles that are not new but reinforce the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
foundation of the medical profession as one of service to others. The ethical principles of the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
primacy of patient welfare (beneficence and nonmaleficence) and patient autonomy are listed
v v v v v v v v v v v v
first; the principle of social justice is the third main tenet. The desired goal was to reinvigorate
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
the value of professionalism that includes social responsibility, the ethic of care, and access to
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
that care, for all members of society.
v v v v v v v
DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 5 v v OBJ: 3 v
TOP: 7.0 Professional Responsibility | 7.4 General
v v v v v v v
8. Each of the following is a requirement for licensure of a dental hygienist in the United States
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vEXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? v v v v v v
a. Completion of a higher education accredited program v v v v v v
b. Graduation from a college or university v v v v v
c. Passed a written national board examination v v v v v
d. Passed a clinical national board examination v v v v v
ANS: D v
There is no clinical national board examination. The dental hygiene candidate for licensure
v v v v v v v v v v v v
must pass a state or regional clinical examination. Examples of regional boards include the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Council of Interstate Testing Agencies (CITA), the Central Regional Dental Testing Services,
v v v v v v v v v v v v
Inc. (CRDTS), the Commission on Dental Competency Assessments (CDCA), the Southern
v v v v v v v v v v v
Regional Testing Agency, Inc. (SRTA), and the Western Regional Examining Board (WERB).
v v v v v v v v v v v v
DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 5 v v OBJ: 3 v
TOP: 7.0 Professional Responsibility | 7.4 General
v v v v v v v
9. Which of the following characteristics is used to separate the professional from the layperson?
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
a. Competency
b. Quality performance v
c. A specialized body of knowledge and skill of value to society
v v v v v v v v v v
, d. A code of ethics v v v
ANS: C v
To be considered a profession, a specific field or area of study traditionally must have several
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
characteristics. These include a specialized body of knowledge and skill of value to society, an
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
intensive academic course of study, set standards of practice determined and regulated by the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
group, external recognition by society, a code of ethics, an organized association, and a
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
service ethic. What separates the professional from the layperson is specialized knowledge,
v v v v v v v v v v v v
which is exclusive to the professional group.
v v v v v v v
DIF: Recall REF: p. 5 OBJ: 3 v v v
TOP: 7.0 Professional Responsibility | 7.4 General
v v v v v v
10. Each of the following is considered to be a true profession EXCEPT one. Which one is the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vEXCEPTION?
a. Law
b. Medicine
c. Dentistry
d. Culinary chef v
e. Ministry
ANS: D v
Because being a professional is desirable, many careers and occupations aspire to this level.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Real estate agents, auto mechanics, and culinary chefs all use the term professional to indicate
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
a desired level of competency and quality performance. However, the true professions are still
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
considered to be medicine, dentistry, ministry, and law because they possess all the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
characteristics previously listed, including a specialized body of knowledge and skill of value
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
to society, an intensive academic course of study, set standards of practice determined and
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
regulated by the group, external recognition by society, a code of ethics, an organized
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
association, and a service ethic.
v v v v v
DIF: Recall REF: p. 6 OBJ: 3 v v v
TOP: 7.0 Professional Responsibility | 7.4 General
v v v v v v
11. Professionalism is demonstrated through a foundation of clinical competence, communication v v v v v v v v v
vskills, and ethical and legal understanding. Upon this foundation is built the aspiration to and
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vwise application of the principles of professionalism.
v v v v v v
a. Both statements are true. v v v
b. Both statements are false. v v v
c. The first statement is true, the second statement is false.
v v v v v v v v v
d. The first statement is false, the second statement is true.
v v v v v v v v v
ANS: A v
The principles of professionalism are excellence, humanism, accountability, and altruism.
v v v v v v v v v
Highlights of the Standards for Clinical Dental Hygiene Practice include assessment, dental
v v v v v v v v v v v v
hygiene diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation, and documentation. Professional
v v v v v v v v
traits of the dental hygienist include honesty and integrity, caring and compassion, reliability
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
and responsibility, maturity and self-analysis, loyalty, interpersonal communication, respect
v v v v v v v v v
for others, and respect for self.
v v v v v v
DIF: Recall REF: v p. 6 v OBJ: 3 v
v v v v v v v
DENTAL HYGIENE 3RDEDITION BY
v v v v v
BEEMSTERBOER-latest-2023
v
Chapter 01: Ethics and Professionalism
v v v v
Beemsterboer: Ethics and Law in Dental Hygiene, 3rd Edition
v v v v v v v v
MULTIPLE CHOICE v
1. When was the inception of the profession of dental hygiene?
v v v v v v v v v
a. In ancient Greece v v
b. In the early 1800sv v v
c. In the early 1900sv v v
d. In 1979 v
ANS: C v
The scope of practice of a dental hygienist was first established by law in Connecticut in
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
1915. Alfred C. Fones taught his dental assistant, Irene Newman, to treat patients and to teach
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
them to maintain their mouths in a clean state. In 1913, Fones established the first school for
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
dental hygienists in Bridgeport, Connecticut. The first oath written for dental hygienists called
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
upon Apollo and Hygeia, who were the Greek god and goddess of health, respectively. A
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
modernized version of the first oath was adopted by the Board of Trustees of the American
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Dental Hygienists’ Association (ADHA) in 1979.
v v v v v v
DIF: Recall REF: p. 3 OBJ: 1 v v v
TOP: 7.0 Professional Responsibility | 7.1 Ethical Principles, including informed consent
v v v v v v v v v v
2. Which member of the dental team is the primary oral preventive therapist?
v v v v v v v v v v v
a. Dentist
b. Dental hygienist v
c. Dental assistant v
d. Receptionist
ANS: B v
The dental hygienist is the oral preventive therapist in the dental office. The dentists who
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
pioneered this special field of endeavor had a vision of the day when dental disease could be
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
prevented by following a system of treatment and cleanliness. The dentist is primarily
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
concerned with restorative treatment, although he or she also shares in preventing oral disease.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
The dental assistant assists the dentist and may assist the dental hygienist as well. The
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
receptionist greets patients and may help with the business and financial aspects of the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
practice.
v
DIF: Recall REF: p. 4 OBJ: 1 v v v
TOP: 7.0 Professional Responsibility | 7.4 General
v v v v v v
3. The dental hygiene oath is revised by action of which of the following professional
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vorganizations?
a. The American Dental Association (ADA)
v v v v
b. The American Dental Hygienists’ Association (ADHA)
v v v v v
c. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
v v v v v v
d. The Organization for Safety, Asepsis, and Prevention (OSAP)
v v v v v v v
e. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
v v v v v
ANS: B v
, The first dental hygiene oath was adopted by the Board of Trustees of the American Dental
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Hygienists’ Association (ADHA) in 1979 and is still in use today. The oath may be seen at the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
following website (www.adha.org/aboutadha/dhoath.htm). The American Dental Association
v v v v v v v
has an oath for dentists. A copy of each oath may be found in the textbook.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
DIF: Recall REF: p. 3 OBJ: 1 v v v
TOP: 7.0 Professional Responsibility | 7.4 General
v v v v v v
4. Success is measured by financial gain in the corporate world; however, for the health care
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vprofessional the patient’s welfare is placed above profit.
v v v v v v v
a. Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
v v v v v v v v
b. Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related.
v v v v v v v v v
c. The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT.
v v v v v v v v
d. The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
v v v v v v v v v
e. NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct. v v v v v v v
ANS: A v
Because the welfare of the patient is more important than profit, society has granted the health
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
care professional a certain status that carries prestige, power, and the right to apply special
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
knowledge and skills.
v v v
DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 4 v v OBJ: 2 v
TOP: 7.0 Professional Responsibility | 7.4 General
v v v v v v v
5. Society recognizes that health care providers are held to a higher standard than legislative
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vmandate. These higher standards are expressed in professional codes of ethics and are
v v v v v v v v v v v v
venforced by the legal system. v v v v
a. Both statements are true. v v v
b. Both statements are false.v v v
c. The first statement is true, the second statement is false.
v v v v v v v v v
d. The first statement is false, the second statement is true.
v v v v v v v v v
ANS: C v
Health care providers are held to a higher standard than can be expressed exclusively by
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
legislative mandate. While it is true that these higher standards are expressed in professional
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
codes of ethics, they are enforced by those within the profession rather than by the legal
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
system. Important components of this enforcement include self-regulation and submission to
v v v v v v v v v v v
peer review.
v v
DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 4 v v OBJ: 1 v
TOP: 7.0 Professional Responsibility | 7.4 General
v v v v v v v
6. Which of the following is regarded as the most important aspect of the delivery of health care
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vservices?
a. Technical skill v
b. Appropriate knowledge v
c. Critical judgment v
d. Caring
ANS: D v
, Although all of the choices are important, caring is regarded as the most important. Patients
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
perceive this essence of caring and respond to it. Trust is the critical foundation for the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
relationship between the person seeking services and the health care provider. The caring that
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
the patient seeks also gives the provider the greatest opportunity for professional service and
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
satisfaction.
v
DIF: Recall REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 v v v
TOP: 7.0 Professional Responsibility | 7.4 General
v v v v v v
7. The publication “Medical Professionalism in the New Millennium: A Physician Charter” set
v v v v v v v v v v v
vout three fundamental principles, including patient welfare, patient autonomy, and the
v v v v v v v v v v
vprinciple of social justice, because it is thought this will reinvigorate the value of
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vprofessionalism.
a. Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
v v v v v v v v
b. Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related.
v v v v v v v v v
c. The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT.
v v v v v v v v
d. The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
v v v v v v v v v
e. NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct. v v v v v v v
ANS: A v
The Physician Charter sets out three fundamental principles that are not new but reinforce the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
foundation of the medical profession as one of service to others. The ethical principles of the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
primacy of patient welfare (beneficence and nonmaleficence) and patient autonomy are listed
v v v v v v v v v v v v
first; the principle of social justice is the third main tenet. The desired goal was to reinvigorate
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
the value of professionalism that includes social responsibility, the ethic of care, and access to
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
that care, for all members of society.
v v v v v v v
DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 5 v v OBJ: 3 v
TOP: 7.0 Professional Responsibility | 7.4 General
v v v v v v v
8. Each of the following is a requirement for licensure of a dental hygienist in the United States
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vEXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? v v v v v v
a. Completion of a higher education accredited program v v v v v v
b. Graduation from a college or university v v v v v
c. Passed a written national board examination v v v v v
d. Passed a clinical national board examination v v v v v
ANS: D v
There is no clinical national board examination. The dental hygiene candidate for licensure
v v v v v v v v v v v v
must pass a state or regional clinical examination. Examples of regional boards include the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Council of Interstate Testing Agencies (CITA), the Central Regional Dental Testing Services,
v v v v v v v v v v v v
Inc. (CRDTS), the Commission on Dental Competency Assessments (CDCA), the Southern
v v v v v v v v v v v
Regional Testing Agency, Inc. (SRTA), and the Western Regional Examining Board (WERB).
v v v v v v v v v v v v
DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 5 v v OBJ: 3 v
TOP: 7.0 Professional Responsibility | 7.4 General
v v v v v v v
9. Which of the following characteristics is used to separate the professional from the layperson?
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
a. Competency
b. Quality performance v
c. A specialized body of knowledge and skill of value to society
v v v v v v v v v v
, d. A code of ethics v v v
ANS: C v
To be considered a profession, a specific field or area of study traditionally must have several
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
characteristics. These include a specialized body of knowledge and skill of value to society, an
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
intensive academic course of study, set standards of practice determined and regulated by the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
group, external recognition by society, a code of ethics, an organized association, and a
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
service ethic. What separates the professional from the layperson is specialized knowledge,
v v v v v v v v v v v v
which is exclusive to the professional group.
v v v v v v v
DIF: Recall REF: p. 5 OBJ: 3 v v v
TOP: 7.0 Professional Responsibility | 7.4 General
v v v v v v
10. Each of the following is considered to be a true profession EXCEPT one. Which one is the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vEXCEPTION?
a. Law
b. Medicine
c. Dentistry
d. Culinary chef v
e. Ministry
ANS: D v
Because being a professional is desirable, many careers and occupations aspire to this level.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Real estate agents, auto mechanics, and culinary chefs all use the term professional to indicate
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
a desired level of competency and quality performance. However, the true professions are still
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
considered to be medicine, dentistry, ministry, and law because they possess all the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
characteristics previously listed, including a specialized body of knowledge and skill of value
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
to society, an intensive academic course of study, set standards of practice determined and
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
regulated by the group, external recognition by society, a code of ethics, an organized
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
association, and a service ethic.
v v v v v
DIF: Recall REF: p. 6 OBJ: 3 v v v
TOP: 7.0 Professional Responsibility | 7.4 General
v v v v v v
11. Professionalism is demonstrated through a foundation of clinical competence, communication v v v v v v v v v
vskills, and ethical and legal understanding. Upon this foundation is built the aspiration to and
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vwise application of the principles of professionalism.
v v v v v v
a. Both statements are true. v v v
b. Both statements are false. v v v
c. The first statement is true, the second statement is false.
v v v v v v v v v
d. The first statement is false, the second statement is true.
v v v v v v v v v
ANS: A v
The principles of professionalism are excellence, humanism, accountability, and altruism.
v v v v v v v v v
Highlights of the Standards for Clinical Dental Hygiene Practice include assessment, dental
v v v v v v v v v v v v
hygiene diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation, and documentation. Professional
v v v v v v v v
traits of the dental hygienist include honesty and integrity, caring and compassion, reliability
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
and responsibility, maturity and self-analysis, loyalty, interpersonal communication, respect
v v v v v v v v v
for others, and respect for self.
v v v v v v
DIF: Recall REF: v p. 6 v OBJ: 3 v
