HAP EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
Anatomical position - Answer -hands at sides, palms forward, standing
Anterior - Answer -front of the body
Bilateral symmetry - Answer -left and right sides are mirror images
Contralateral - Answer -Opposite sides
Deep - Answer -Away from surface
Distal - Answer -Away from the trunk
Posterior - Answer -Towards the back
Frontal plane - Answer -Gives front and back
Inferior - Answer -Towards the feet
Ipsilateral - Answer -Same side
Medial - Answer -Towards the middle of the body
Midsaggital - Answer -Gives equal left and right halves
Idiopathic - Answer -Cause is unknown
Thoracic cavity - Answer -contains heart and lungs
Abdominal cavity - Answer -Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver, and other organs
Abdominalpelvic cavity - Answer -Holds both the pelvic and abdominal organs
Dorsal cavity - Answer -contains the brain and spinal cord
Superficial - Answer -near the surface
Proximal - Answer -Nearer to the trunk of the body
Right upper quadrant - Answer -Liver, gallbladder, right kidney, part of large intestine
, Left upper quadrant - Answer -Stomach, spleen, pancreas, left kidney, part of large intestine
Right lower quadrant - Answer -Appendix, right ovary, right upper ureter
Left lower quadrant - Answer -Left ovary, left ureter
Right and left lower quadrant - Answer -Most of large and small intestine and urinary bladder
Homeostasis - Answer -Constancy of the normal body's internal environment, despite changes in
the external environment
3 components of feedback loops - Answer -1. Sensor- detects change
2. Control- analyzes and compares input sends signal
3. Effectors- respond to input
Negative feedback loop - Answer -Opposes change to return to normal
- one goes up other goes down
- more common
Positive feedback loop - Answer -Temporarily amplifies charge
- double up or double down
example of negative feedback loop - Answer -Increase breathing to replace oxygen
Example of positive feedback loop - Answer -Childbirth (contractions)
plasma membrane - Answer -cell membrane, flexible boundary of the cell that controls what
comes in and out of the cell
plas - Answer -
Diffusion - Answer -Molecules more from high concentration to low concentration thereby
spreading down the concentration gradient
Facilitated diffusion - Answer -Movement is still high concentration of molecules to low, however a
protein channel must be used
Ex. Glucose
Passive transport - Answer -the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use
of energy by the cell
- (down the concentration gradient)
Active transport - Answer -Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane
against a concentration difference
Anatomical position - Answer -hands at sides, palms forward, standing
Anterior - Answer -front of the body
Bilateral symmetry - Answer -left and right sides are mirror images
Contralateral - Answer -Opposite sides
Deep - Answer -Away from surface
Distal - Answer -Away from the trunk
Posterior - Answer -Towards the back
Frontal plane - Answer -Gives front and back
Inferior - Answer -Towards the feet
Ipsilateral - Answer -Same side
Medial - Answer -Towards the middle of the body
Midsaggital - Answer -Gives equal left and right halves
Idiopathic - Answer -Cause is unknown
Thoracic cavity - Answer -contains heart and lungs
Abdominal cavity - Answer -Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver, and other organs
Abdominalpelvic cavity - Answer -Holds both the pelvic and abdominal organs
Dorsal cavity - Answer -contains the brain and spinal cord
Superficial - Answer -near the surface
Proximal - Answer -Nearer to the trunk of the body
Right upper quadrant - Answer -Liver, gallbladder, right kidney, part of large intestine
, Left upper quadrant - Answer -Stomach, spleen, pancreas, left kidney, part of large intestine
Right lower quadrant - Answer -Appendix, right ovary, right upper ureter
Left lower quadrant - Answer -Left ovary, left ureter
Right and left lower quadrant - Answer -Most of large and small intestine and urinary bladder
Homeostasis - Answer -Constancy of the normal body's internal environment, despite changes in
the external environment
3 components of feedback loops - Answer -1. Sensor- detects change
2. Control- analyzes and compares input sends signal
3. Effectors- respond to input
Negative feedback loop - Answer -Opposes change to return to normal
- one goes up other goes down
- more common
Positive feedback loop - Answer -Temporarily amplifies charge
- double up or double down
example of negative feedback loop - Answer -Increase breathing to replace oxygen
Example of positive feedback loop - Answer -Childbirth (contractions)
plasma membrane - Answer -cell membrane, flexible boundary of the cell that controls what
comes in and out of the cell
plas - Answer -
Diffusion - Answer -Molecules more from high concentration to low concentration thereby
spreading down the concentration gradient
Facilitated diffusion - Answer -Movement is still high concentration of molecules to low, however a
protein channel must be used
Ex. Glucose
Passive transport - Answer -the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use
of energy by the cell
- (down the concentration gradient)
Active transport - Answer -Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane
against a concentration difference
