NURS 171 Exam 3 UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Illness or disease may lead to imbalances of? - CORRECT ANSWER Fluid,
Electrolytes, pH
Hypovolemia : - CORRECT ANSWER fluid deficit
Hypervolemia - CORRECT ANSWER fluid excess
Fluid and electrolyte loss from the - CORRECT ANSWER extracellular fluid
interstitial intravascular and or transcellular fluid )
Causes of hypovolemia - CORRECT ANSWER Surgery , trauma
Causes of dehydration - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Insufficient fluid intake 2. Excessive
fluid loss 3. Fluid shifts
Shifts of fluid is - CORRECT ANSWER intravascular fluids leaking into body tissues ,
burns
Temperature rises due to - CORRECT ANSWER inability to cool self through
perspiration
Loss of water from - CORRECT ANSWER ■ Intracellular
▪ Extracellular intravascular spaces
Loss of body fluid can result in - CORRECT ANSWER • Loss of electrolytes
• Increase in serum osmolarity
And lead to dehydration
,Dehydration Signs and symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER -Thirst !
- Increased heart rate
-Blood vessels constrict to maintain bp
CONTINUED FLUID LOSS bleeding Hypovolemic Shock causes the heart to - CORRECT
ANSWER • Hear pumps faster ( rapid heart rate )
• Heart pumps weaker ( weak pulse )
CONTINUED FLUID LOSS ( bleeding ) Hypovolemic Shock causes the veins to and
temperature - CORRECT ANSWER Flat neck veins
• Temperature rises ( not in elderly ) ( " feel warm " )
CONTINUED FLUID LOSS ( bleeding ) Hypovolemic Shock complain of and whaf kind of
hypotension - CORRECT ANSWER • Orthostatic hypotension Complain of muscle
weakness and fatigue
CONTINUED FLUID LOSS ( bleeding ) Hypovolemic Shock To compensate , fluid shifts
from - CORRECT ANSWER ICF and interstitial space to intravascular system . This
results in dry skin , dry mucous membranes
Decreased skin turgor & decreased urine output
Deficient Fluid Volume Assessments measure BP - CORRECT ANSWER • when
patient is lying , sitting and standing
•Drop in systolic blood pressure ( from lying or sitting to standing ) > = to 20 mm Hg
Deficient Fluid Volume Assessments Continued: weight change? - CORRECT
ANSWER Sudden loss of weight
Deficient Fluid Volume Assessments: labs? - CORRECT ANSWER Alterations in lab
value
, ● Increase in BUN and Creatinine ratio and urine specific gravity and elevated hematocrit
Deficient Fluid Volume Assessments: There is less water? - CORRECT ANSWER in
relation to solid substances
Preventing Deficient fluid Volume: Identify those at risk - CORRECT ANSWER •
Older adults • Infants • Children
Preventing Deficient fluid Volume: Patients with fluid loss - CORRECT ANSWER •
Vomiting • Diarrhea • Fever
Excess Fluid Volume : Hypervolemia Causes - CORRECT ANSWER ● Over hydration
● Kidney or liver disease
● Excess salt intake
• Poor pumping action of heart
Excess Fluid Volume : Hypervolemia is - CORRECT ANSWER Excessive retention of
sodium and water in ECF
Excess Fluid Volume : Hypervolemia results in - CORRECT ANSWER ● Increases
osmotic pressure
● Fluid shifts from the cells into the ECF
Excess Fluid Volume : Hypervolemia, how it effects BP - CORRECT ANSWER ■
Elevated bp , bounding pulse
Excess Fluid Volume : Hypervolemia skin, veins, and weight is - CORRECT
ANSWER .Pale , cool skin
.Distended neck veins
.Rapid weight gain , edema
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Illness or disease may lead to imbalances of? - CORRECT ANSWER Fluid,
Electrolytes, pH
Hypovolemia : - CORRECT ANSWER fluid deficit
Hypervolemia - CORRECT ANSWER fluid excess
Fluid and electrolyte loss from the - CORRECT ANSWER extracellular fluid
interstitial intravascular and or transcellular fluid )
Causes of hypovolemia - CORRECT ANSWER Surgery , trauma
Causes of dehydration - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Insufficient fluid intake 2. Excessive
fluid loss 3. Fluid shifts
Shifts of fluid is - CORRECT ANSWER intravascular fluids leaking into body tissues ,
burns
Temperature rises due to - CORRECT ANSWER inability to cool self through
perspiration
Loss of water from - CORRECT ANSWER ■ Intracellular
▪ Extracellular intravascular spaces
Loss of body fluid can result in - CORRECT ANSWER • Loss of electrolytes
• Increase in serum osmolarity
And lead to dehydration
,Dehydration Signs and symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER -Thirst !
- Increased heart rate
-Blood vessels constrict to maintain bp
CONTINUED FLUID LOSS bleeding Hypovolemic Shock causes the heart to - CORRECT
ANSWER • Hear pumps faster ( rapid heart rate )
• Heart pumps weaker ( weak pulse )
CONTINUED FLUID LOSS ( bleeding ) Hypovolemic Shock causes the veins to and
temperature - CORRECT ANSWER Flat neck veins
• Temperature rises ( not in elderly ) ( " feel warm " )
CONTINUED FLUID LOSS ( bleeding ) Hypovolemic Shock complain of and whaf kind of
hypotension - CORRECT ANSWER • Orthostatic hypotension Complain of muscle
weakness and fatigue
CONTINUED FLUID LOSS ( bleeding ) Hypovolemic Shock To compensate , fluid shifts
from - CORRECT ANSWER ICF and interstitial space to intravascular system . This
results in dry skin , dry mucous membranes
Decreased skin turgor & decreased urine output
Deficient Fluid Volume Assessments measure BP - CORRECT ANSWER • when
patient is lying , sitting and standing
•Drop in systolic blood pressure ( from lying or sitting to standing ) > = to 20 mm Hg
Deficient Fluid Volume Assessments Continued: weight change? - CORRECT
ANSWER Sudden loss of weight
Deficient Fluid Volume Assessments: labs? - CORRECT ANSWER Alterations in lab
value
, ● Increase in BUN and Creatinine ratio and urine specific gravity and elevated hematocrit
Deficient Fluid Volume Assessments: There is less water? - CORRECT ANSWER in
relation to solid substances
Preventing Deficient fluid Volume: Identify those at risk - CORRECT ANSWER •
Older adults • Infants • Children
Preventing Deficient fluid Volume: Patients with fluid loss - CORRECT ANSWER •
Vomiting • Diarrhea • Fever
Excess Fluid Volume : Hypervolemia Causes - CORRECT ANSWER ● Over hydration
● Kidney or liver disease
● Excess salt intake
• Poor pumping action of heart
Excess Fluid Volume : Hypervolemia is - CORRECT ANSWER Excessive retention of
sodium and water in ECF
Excess Fluid Volume : Hypervolemia results in - CORRECT ANSWER ● Increases
osmotic pressure
● Fluid shifts from the cells into the ECF
Excess Fluid Volume : Hypervolemia, how it effects BP - CORRECT ANSWER ■
Elevated bp , bounding pulse
Excess Fluid Volume : Hypervolemia skin, veins, and weight is - CORRECT
ANSWER .Pale , cool skin
.Distended neck veins
.Rapid weight gain , edema
