BIOD 121 - Module 4 Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025-2026
Vitamins - Answers Organic compounds that body needs in small amounts
Vitamins are sourced from ... - Answers Diet
What is the function of vitamins? - Answers Regulate/support digestion, absorption, metabolism,
and body regulations
How many vitamins are essential? - Answers 13 vitamins
What is produced by gut flora? - Answers Vitamin k and biotin
What is produced by the skin through sunlight? - Answers Vitamin D
What can be produced from precursor beta carotene? - Answers Vitamin A
What can be produced from precursor AA tryptophan? - Answers Niacin
Enrichment - Answers Taking nutrients removed from food through processing, and adding
them back in
Fortification - Answers Supplementing a product with additional vitamins/nutrients that are not
normally present
What are the fat soluble vitamins? - Answers ADEK
Where are fat soluble vitamins stored? - Answers Liver and adipose tissue
Fat soluble vitamins are not ..., building up to toxic levels - Answers Easily excreted from storage
Absorption of fat soluble vitamins can occur with ... - Answers Diseases and weight loss
medication
Vitamin A can be found as ... from animal sources - Answers Retinol or retinal
Vitamin A can be found as ... from plant sources - Answers Provitamin A carotenoids
(precursors)
Pigments from plants can be processed into ... - Answers Vitamin A
Where is vitamin A precursors found in plants? - Answers Orange, yellow, or red vegetables
What are antioxidants? - Answers Substances that stop reactive substances from causing
damage
Free radicals - Answers Unstable molecules formed from chemical reactions
What are some other carotenoids? - Answers Lycopene, zeaxanthine, and lutein
, Which vitamin has impact on vision? - Answers Vitamin A
Which substance helps eye adjust from bright to dim light? - Answers Retinal
What does retinal deficiency lead to? - Answers Night blindness, eye can't adjust
What does prolonged deficiency of vitamin A lead to? - Answers Eye loses ability to produce
mucus and keep moist (Xerophthalmia)
What can treat macular degeneration? - Answers Consumption of fruits/vegetables high in
carotenoids
How is vitamin A involved in gut health and skin health? - Answers It promotes skin health and
health of epithelial cells in the intestinal tract (provide immunity via barrier)
What is the function of vitamin A in growth? - Answers Promotes growth, development,
reproduction, and disease prevention (cancer, cardiovascular disease)
What are sources of vitamin A? - Answers Liver, fish, fish oils, fortified milk, yogurt, and eggs
What levels of preformed vitamin A are recommended? - Answers 3000 mcg
Carotenodermia - Answers Side effect from eating too many yellow/orange vegetables, leading
to skin in hands/feet to turn yellow
Vitamin D functions as ... - Answers A vitamin and a hormone
Vitamin D2 - Answers Ergocalciferol, synthetic product in supplements
Vitamin D3 - Answers Cholecalciferol, made by human body
How is the sun involved in the production of vitamin D? - Answers UV rays act on cholesterol-
like substances in skin, turning it to 7-dehydrocholesterol, a precursor to vitamin D
How is the liver involved in the production of vitamin D? - Answers It metabolizes 7-
dehydrocholesterol into 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, a precursor to vitamin D3
How are you the kidneys involved in the production of vitamin D? - Answers It converts 25-
hydroxyvitamin to active vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
What are dietary sources of vitamin D? - Answers Fatty fish, fortified cereals and milk, eggs,
butter, and yogurt
What is the function of vitamin D? - Answers Regulates calcium levels and bone metabolism
Which vitamin works in conjunction with PTH? - Answers Vitamin D
Vitamin D works with ... - Answers Immune system, skin development, muscle health, and blood
Vitamins - Answers Organic compounds that body needs in small amounts
Vitamins are sourced from ... - Answers Diet
What is the function of vitamins? - Answers Regulate/support digestion, absorption, metabolism,
and body regulations
How many vitamins are essential? - Answers 13 vitamins
What is produced by gut flora? - Answers Vitamin k and biotin
What is produced by the skin through sunlight? - Answers Vitamin D
What can be produced from precursor beta carotene? - Answers Vitamin A
What can be produced from precursor AA tryptophan? - Answers Niacin
Enrichment - Answers Taking nutrients removed from food through processing, and adding
them back in
Fortification - Answers Supplementing a product with additional vitamins/nutrients that are not
normally present
What are the fat soluble vitamins? - Answers ADEK
Where are fat soluble vitamins stored? - Answers Liver and adipose tissue
Fat soluble vitamins are not ..., building up to toxic levels - Answers Easily excreted from storage
Absorption of fat soluble vitamins can occur with ... - Answers Diseases and weight loss
medication
Vitamin A can be found as ... from animal sources - Answers Retinol or retinal
Vitamin A can be found as ... from plant sources - Answers Provitamin A carotenoids
(precursors)
Pigments from plants can be processed into ... - Answers Vitamin A
Where is vitamin A precursors found in plants? - Answers Orange, yellow, or red vegetables
What are antioxidants? - Answers Substances that stop reactive substances from causing
damage
Free radicals - Answers Unstable molecules formed from chemical reactions
What are some other carotenoids? - Answers Lycopene, zeaxanthine, and lutein
, Which vitamin has impact on vision? - Answers Vitamin A
Which substance helps eye adjust from bright to dim light? - Answers Retinal
What does retinal deficiency lead to? - Answers Night blindness, eye can't adjust
What does prolonged deficiency of vitamin A lead to? - Answers Eye loses ability to produce
mucus and keep moist (Xerophthalmia)
What can treat macular degeneration? - Answers Consumption of fruits/vegetables high in
carotenoids
How is vitamin A involved in gut health and skin health? - Answers It promotes skin health and
health of epithelial cells in the intestinal tract (provide immunity via barrier)
What is the function of vitamin A in growth? - Answers Promotes growth, development,
reproduction, and disease prevention (cancer, cardiovascular disease)
What are sources of vitamin A? - Answers Liver, fish, fish oils, fortified milk, yogurt, and eggs
What levels of preformed vitamin A are recommended? - Answers 3000 mcg
Carotenodermia - Answers Side effect from eating too many yellow/orange vegetables, leading
to skin in hands/feet to turn yellow
Vitamin D functions as ... - Answers A vitamin and a hormone
Vitamin D2 - Answers Ergocalciferol, synthetic product in supplements
Vitamin D3 - Answers Cholecalciferol, made by human body
How is the sun involved in the production of vitamin D? - Answers UV rays act on cholesterol-
like substances in skin, turning it to 7-dehydrocholesterol, a precursor to vitamin D
How is the liver involved in the production of vitamin D? - Answers It metabolizes 7-
dehydrocholesterol into 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, a precursor to vitamin D3
How are you the kidneys involved in the production of vitamin D? - Answers It converts 25-
hydroxyvitamin to active vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
What are dietary sources of vitamin D? - Answers Fatty fish, fortified cereals and milk, eggs,
butter, and yogurt
What is the function of vitamin D? - Answers Regulates calcium levels and bone metabolism
Which vitamin works in conjunction with PTH? - Answers Vitamin D
Vitamin D works with ... - Answers Immune system, skin development, muscle health, and blood
