ICT285 Databases FINAL Review exam fully
solved & updated 2025-2026(latest version verified
for accuracy)
Database - answer--A shared collection of logically related data and its
description.
Database Management System (DBMS) - answer--The software allowing
definition, creation, manipulation, and maintenance of the database,
providing controlled access.
Common DBMS examples - answer--Oracle, MySQL, SQL Server.
Three-Level Architecture of a Database - answer--External (user),
Conceptual, and Internal.
Logical Data Independence - answer--Changes to the conceptual
schema without affecting user views.
Physical Data Independence - answer--Changes to the internal schema
without affecting logical or conceptual views.
Relations - answer--Relations are represented as tables.
,Tuples - answer--Rows in a table.
Attributes - answer--Columns in a table.
Properties of a Valid Relation - answer--Each tuple must be unique. Each
tuple is about ONE entity. Each attribute contains data from the same
domain. Each attribute has a unique name. Each cell is atomic.
Superkey - answer--Any attribute or combination of attributes with
unique values for each tuple.
Candidate Key - answer--A minimal superkey (cannot remove any
attribute without it ceasing to be a key).
Primary Key (PK) - answer--A chosen candidate key to uniquely identify
each tuple.
Alternate Key - answer--A candidate key not chosen as the primary key.
Foreign Key (FK) - answer--An attribute or set of attributes in one
relation that refers to the primary key of another (or the same) relation.
Entity Integrity - answer--Primary key values cannot be NULL.
, Referential Integrity - answer--Foreign key values must either match a
primary key value in the referenced table or be NULL (if allowed).
Restrict (Selection) - answer--Produces a subset of tuples based on a
condition.
Project - answer--Produces a subset of attributes (columns).
Join - answer--Combines data from two or more relations based on a
common attribute.
Outer Joins - answer--Include unmatched tuples.
Division - answer--Matches on a subset of values (e.g., 'Suppliers who
supply all parts').
SQL Overview - answer--SQL is the industry-standard language for
relational databases.
Data Definition Language (DDL) - answer--Includes CREATE, ALTER,
DROP (for tables, views, indexes, constraints).
solved & updated 2025-2026(latest version verified
for accuracy)
Database - answer--A shared collection of logically related data and its
description.
Database Management System (DBMS) - answer--The software allowing
definition, creation, manipulation, and maintenance of the database,
providing controlled access.
Common DBMS examples - answer--Oracle, MySQL, SQL Server.
Three-Level Architecture of a Database - answer--External (user),
Conceptual, and Internal.
Logical Data Independence - answer--Changes to the conceptual
schema without affecting user views.
Physical Data Independence - answer--Changes to the internal schema
without affecting logical or conceptual views.
Relations - answer--Relations are represented as tables.
,Tuples - answer--Rows in a table.
Attributes - answer--Columns in a table.
Properties of a Valid Relation - answer--Each tuple must be unique. Each
tuple is about ONE entity. Each attribute contains data from the same
domain. Each attribute has a unique name. Each cell is atomic.
Superkey - answer--Any attribute or combination of attributes with
unique values for each tuple.
Candidate Key - answer--A minimal superkey (cannot remove any
attribute without it ceasing to be a key).
Primary Key (PK) - answer--A chosen candidate key to uniquely identify
each tuple.
Alternate Key - answer--A candidate key not chosen as the primary key.
Foreign Key (FK) - answer--An attribute or set of attributes in one
relation that refers to the primary key of another (or the same) relation.
Entity Integrity - answer--Primary key values cannot be NULL.
, Referential Integrity - answer--Foreign key values must either match a
primary key value in the referenced table or be NULL (if allowed).
Restrict (Selection) - answer--Produces a subset of tuples based on a
condition.
Project - answer--Produces a subset of attributes (columns).
Join - answer--Combines data from two or more relations based on a
common attribute.
Outer Joins - answer--Include unmatched tuples.
Division - answer--Matches on a subset of values (e.g., 'Suppliers who
supply all parts').
SQL Overview - answer--SQL is the industry-standard language for
relational databases.
Data Definition Language (DDL) - answer--Includes CREATE, ALTER,
DROP (for tables, views, indexes, constraints).
