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BIOD 331 | NURS 231 Pathophysiology
Module 10 Final Exam 2025/2026
| Portage Learning, Geneva
Which finding would the nurse expect when assessing the legs of a patient who has a
lower motor neuron lesion?
a. Spasticity
b. Flaccidity
c. Impaired sensation
d. Hyperactive reflexes
ANS: B
Because the cell bodies of lower motor neurons are located in the spinal cord, damage to the
nueron will decrease motor activity of the affected muscles. Spasticity and hyperactive
reflexes are caused by upper motor neuron damage. Sensation is not impacted by motor
neuron lesions
The nurse is assessing a client with a neurologic condition who is reporting difficulty
chewing when eating. he nurse suspects that which cranial nerve has been affected?
A. Abducens
B. Facial
C. Trigeminal
D. Trochlear
C. trigeminal
When assessing cranial nerve XII in a client who has experienced a stroke, which task
should the nurse ask the client to perform?
A. focus on a distant object
B. Stand with eyes closed
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C. Turn the head to one side
D. Stick out the tongue
D. Stick out the tongue
rationale: the hypoglossal nerves function is skeletal muscles of the tongue
What assessment would the nurse perform to assess the cranial nerves IV & VI?
A. 6 cardinal field of Gaze
B. stick their tongue out
C. Have the patient say "ahhh"
D. Apply a cotton ball to their face
ANS: A
What assessment would the nurse perform to assess cranial nerves II & III
A. 6 cardinal field of gaze
B. Pupil examination
C. Have patient raise eyebrows
D. Have the patient shrug
B. Pupil examination
What assessment would the nurse perform to assess Cranial nerve VII?
A. Has patient stick tongue out
B. apply cotton ball to their face
C. Has patient raise their eyebrows and smile
D. Has patient stick tongue out
C. Has patient raise their eyebrows and smile
What assessment would the nurse perform to assess cranial nerve IX and X?
A. 6 cardinal field gaze test
B. Open mouth and clench their jaw
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C. Have patient close their eyes and identify a smell
D. Have patient say "ahh" and note any hoarseness
D. Have patient say "ahh" and note any hoarseness
The RN is assessing the patient with a TBI. The patient opens eyes spontaneously, is
disoriented, and has extension to pain. What is the GSC score?
10
The RN is assessing the patient with a TBI. The patient has no eye opening, uses
inappropriate words and is able to localize pain. What is the GSC score?
9
The RN is assessing the patient with a TBI. The patient has no eye opening, uses
inappropriate words in an exclamatory fashion, and has no movement when exposed to
painful stimuli. What is the GSC score?
5
A possible overdose patient looks around with an unfocused gaze, mumbles when you
ask him questions, and pulls away from painful stimulus. What is his GCS?
10
A man is found on the ground outside a homeless shelter. When you give him a sternal
rub, he opens his eyes, tells you to go away, and pushes your hand away. What is his
Glasgow Coma score?
12
Name this position
Decorticate
Name this picture
Decerebrate
A client is having a peritoneal dialysis treatment. The nurse notes an opaque color to the
effluent. What is the priority action by the nurse?
a. Warm the dialysate solution in a microwave before instillation.
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b. Take a sample of the effluent and send to the laboratory.
c. Flush the tubing with normal saline to maintain patency of the catheter.
d. Check the peritoneal catheter for kinking and curling.
b. Take a sample of the effluent and send to the laboratory.
A client is recieving peritoneal dialysis treatment. Upon assessment the nurse notes the
effluent is a cloudy appearance, the nurse knows that this may be indicative of ?
A. Bowel obstruction
B. Infection
C. Peritonitis
D. Dehydration
A client is admitted with acute kidney injury (AKI) and a urine output of 2000 mL/day.
What is the major concern of the nurse regarding this client's care?
a. Edema and pain
b. Electrolyte and fluid imbalance
c. Cardiac and respiratory status
d. Mental health status
b. Electrolyte and fluid imbalance
A patient has been receiving peritoneal treatment. Which of the following findings
would indicate the the most common and serious complication of this treatment?
a. Abdominal tenderness & pain, N/V and cloudy outflow dialysis drainage
b. Slight leakage of clear fluid and redness around catheter
C. Increased respirations and difficulty breathing
D. Tachycardia and hypotension
A
The nurse is admitting a client diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Which clinical
manifestation should the nurse assess?Select all that apply.
1. Muscle flaccidity.
2. Lethargy.
3. Dysmetria.
BIOD 331 | NURS 231 Pathophysiology
Module 10 Final Exam 2025/2026
| Portage Learning, Geneva
Which finding would the nurse expect when assessing the legs of a patient who has a
lower motor neuron lesion?
a. Spasticity
b. Flaccidity
c. Impaired sensation
d. Hyperactive reflexes
ANS: B
Because the cell bodies of lower motor neurons are located in the spinal cord, damage to the
nueron will decrease motor activity of the affected muscles. Spasticity and hyperactive
reflexes are caused by upper motor neuron damage. Sensation is not impacted by motor
neuron lesions
The nurse is assessing a client with a neurologic condition who is reporting difficulty
chewing when eating. he nurse suspects that which cranial nerve has been affected?
A. Abducens
B. Facial
C. Trigeminal
D. Trochlear
C. trigeminal
When assessing cranial nerve XII in a client who has experienced a stroke, which task
should the nurse ask the client to perform?
A. focus on a distant object
B. Stand with eyes closed
, Page |2
C. Turn the head to one side
D. Stick out the tongue
D. Stick out the tongue
rationale: the hypoglossal nerves function is skeletal muscles of the tongue
What assessment would the nurse perform to assess the cranial nerves IV & VI?
A. 6 cardinal field of Gaze
B. stick their tongue out
C. Have the patient say "ahhh"
D. Apply a cotton ball to their face
ANS: A
What assessment would the nurse perform to assess cranial nerves II & III
A. 6 cardinal field of gaze
B. Pupil examination
C. Have patient raise eyebrows
D. Have the patient shrug
B. Pupil examination
What assessment would the nurse perform to assess Cranial nerve VII?
A. Has patient stick tongue out
B. apply cotton ball to their face
C. Has patient raise their eyebrows and smile
D. Has patient stick tongue out
C. Has patient raise their eyebrows and smile
What assessment would the nurse perform to assess cranial nerve IX and X?
A. 6 cardinal field gaze test
B. Open mouth and clench their jaw
, Page |3
C. Have patient close their eyes and identify a smell
D. Have patient say "ahh" and note any hoarseness
D. Have patient say "ahh" and note any hoarseness
The RN is assessing the patient with a TBI. The patient opens eyes spontaneously, is
disoriented, and has extension to pain. What is the GSC score?
10
The RN is assessing the patient with a TBI. The patient has no eye opening, uses
inappropriate words and is able to localize pain. What is the GSC score?
9
The RN is assessing the patient with a TBI. The patient has no eye opening, uses
inappropriate words in an exclamatory fashion, and has no movement when exposed to
painful stimuli. What is the GSC score?
5
A possible overdose patient looks around with an unfocused gaze, mumbles when you
ask him questions, and pulls away from painful stimulus. What is his GCS?
10
A man is found on the ground outside a homeless shelter. When you give him a sternal
rub, he opens his eyes, tells you to go away, and pushes your hand away. What is his
Glasgow Coma score?
12
Name this position
Decorticate
Name this picture
Decerebrate
A client is having a peritoneal dialysis treatment. The nurse notes an opaque color to the
effluent. What is the priority action by the nurse?
a. Warm the dialysate solution in a microwave before instillation.
, Page |4
b. Take a sample of the effluent and send to the laboratory.
c. Flush the tubing with normal saline to maintain patency of the catheter.
d. Check the peritoneal catheter for kinking and curling.
b. Take a sample of the effluent and send to the laboratory.
A client is recieving peritoneal dialysis treatment. Upon assessment the nurse notes the
effluent is a cloudy appearance, the nurse knows that this may be indicative of ?
A. Bowel obstruction
B. Infection
C. Peritonitis
D. Dehydration
A client is admitted with acute kidney injury (AKI) and a urine output of 2000 mL/day.
What is the major concern of the nurse regarding this client's care?
a. Edema and pain
b. Electrolyte and fluid imbalance
c. Cardiac and respiratory status
d. Mental health status
b. Electrolyte and fluid imbalance
A patient has been receiving peritoneal treatment. Which of the following findings
would indicate the the most common and serious complication of this treatment?
a. Abdominal tenderness & pain, N/V and cloudy outflow dialysis drainage
b. Slight leakage of clear fluid and redness around catheter
C. Increased respirations and difficulty breathing
D. Tachycardia and hypotension
A
The nurse is admitting a client diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Which clinical
manifestation should the nurse assess?Select all that apply.
1. Muscle flaccidity.
2. Lethargy.
3. Dysmetria.
