PathoExam3
| |
(Chapters10,12, | |
13TESTBANK)
| |
Questionsand |
AnswersGraded
| |
A+
|
, What |happens |in |the |lungs |when |the |diaphragm |and |external |intercostal |muscles |relax?
a. Air |is |forced |out |of |the |lungs.
b. Lung |volume |increases.
c. Intrapulmonic |pressure |decreases.
d. Intrapleural |pressure |decreases. |- |ANSWER |a
The |respiratory |mucosa |is |continuous |through |the:
1. upper |and |lower |respiratory |tracts.
2. nasal |cavities |and |the |sinuses.
3. nasopharynx |and |oropharynx.
4. middle |ear |cavity |and |auditory |tube.
a. 1 |only
b. 1, |2
c. 2, |3
d. 1, |3, |4
e. 1, |2, |3, |4 |- |ANSWER |e
Which |of |the |following |activities |does |NOT |require |muscle |contractions |and |energy?
a. Quiet |inspiration
b. Forced |inspiration
c. Quiet |expiration
d. Forced |expiration |- |ANSWER |c
The |maximum |volume |of |air |a |person |can |exhale |after |a |maximum |inspiration |is |termed
|the:
a. expiratory |reserve |volume.
b. inspiratory |reserve |volume.
c. total |lung |capacity.
d. vital |capacity. |- |ANSWER |d
Which |of |the |following |applies |to |the |blood |in |the |pulmonary |artery?
a. PCO2 |is |low.
b. PO2 |is |low.
c. Hydrostatic |pressure |is |very |high.
d. It |is |flowing |into |the |left |atrium. |- |ANSWER |b
Which |of |the |following |causes |bronchodilation?
a. Epinephrine
b. Histamine
,c. Parasympathetic |nervous |system
d. Drugs |that |block |2-adrenergic |receptors |- |ANSWER |a
The |central |chemoreceptors |in |the |medulla |are |normally |most |sensitive |to:
a. low |oxygen |level.
b. low |concentration |of |hydrogen |ions.
c. elevated |oxygen |level.
d. elevated |carbon |dioxide |level. |- |ANSWER |d
Oxygen |diffuses |from |the |alveoli |to |the |blood |because:
a. PO2 |is |higher |in |the |blood.
b. PO2 |is |lower |in |the |blood.
c. CO2 |is |diffusing |out |of |the |blood.
d. more |CO2 |is |diffusing |out |of |cells |into |the |blood. |- |ANSWER |b
Carbon |dioxide |is |primarily |transported |in |the |blood:
a. as |dissolved |gas.
b. attached |to |the |iron |molecule |in |hemoglobin.
c. as |bicarbonate |ion.
d. as |carbonic |acid. |- |ANSWER |c
What |would |hypercapnia |cause?
a. Increased |serum |pH
b. Decreased |respirations
c. Respiratory |acidosis
d. Decreased |carbonic |acid |in |the |blood |- |ANSWER |c
Which |of |the |following |would |result |from |hyperventilation?
a. Respiratory |acidosis
b. Respiratory |alkalosis
c. Metabolic |alkalosis
d. Metabolic |acidosis |- |ANSWER |b
Which |of |the |following |values |is |always |decreased |with |respiratory |alkalosis
|(compensated |or |decompensated)?
a. Serum |bicarbonate
b. PaCO2
c. Serum |pH
d. Urine |pH |- |ANSWER |b |(Decompensation |occurs |when |compensatory |mechanisms
|cannot |maintain |a |normal |pH |range.)
, What |would |be |the |most |effective |compensation |for |respiratory |acidosis?
a. The |kidneys |eliminating |more |bicarbonate |ions
b. The |kidneys |producing |more |bicarbonate |ions
c. The |kidneys |reabsorbing |more |hydrogen |ions
d. An |increase |in |respiratory |rate |- |ANSWER |b
What |is |the |acid-base |status |of |a |patient |with |the |following |values |for |arterial |blood |gases?
Serum |bicarbonate |36.5 |mmol/L |(normal |range: |22-28) |PCO2
|75 |mm |Hg |(normal |range: |35-45)
Serum |pH |7.0
a. Compensated |metabolic |acidosis
b. Decompensated |metabolic |acidosis
c. Compensated |respiratory |acidosis
d. Decompensated |respiratory |acidosis |- |ANSWER |d
(Decompensation |occurs |when |compensatory |mechanisms |cannot |maintain |a |normal |pH
|range.)
(Compensatory |Mechanisms: |W hen |a |pathologic |condition |exists, |the |pH |balance |moves
|outside |of |the |normal |range |and |the |lungs |or |kidneys |compensate.
Compensation |is |a |short-term |solution. |The |goal |is |to |resolve |the |underlying |cause |of |the
|imbalance.)
What |does |carbaminohemoglobin |refer |to?
a. Replacement |of |oxygen |by |carbon |monoxide |on |hemoglobin |molecules
b. Full |saturation |of |all |heme |molecules |by |oxygen
c. Carbon |dioxide |attached |to |an |amino |group |on |the |hemoglobin |molecule
d. Oxygen |combined |with |iron |in |the |hemoglobin |molecule |- |ANSWER |c
Approximately |what |percentage |of |bound |oxygen |is |released |to |the |cells |for |metabolism |during
|an |erythrocyte's |journey |through |the |circulatory |system?
a. 80%
b. 25%
c. 10%
d. 50% |- |ANSWER |b
The |production |of |yellowish-green, |cloudy, |thick |sputum |is |often |an |indication |of:
a. bacterial |infection.
| |
(Chapters10,12, | |
13TESTBANK)
| |
Questionsand |
AnswersGraded
| |
A+
|
, What |happens |in |the |lungs |when |the |diaphragm |and |external |intercostal |muscles |relax?
a. Air |is |forced |out |of |the |lungs.
b. Lung |volume |increases.
c. Intrapulmonic |pressure |decreases.
d. Intrapleural |pressure |decreases. |- |ANSWER |a
The |respiratory |mucosa |is |continuous |through |the:
1. upper |and |lower |respiratory |tracts.
2. nasal |cavities |and |the |sinuses.
3. nasopharynx |and |oropharynx.
4. middle |ear |cavity |and |auditory |tube.
a. 1 |only
b. 1, |2
c. 2, |3
d. 1, |3, |4
e. 1, |2, |3, |4 |- |ANSWER |e
Which |of |the |following |activities |does |NOT |require |muscle |contractions |and |energy?
a. Quiet |inspiration
b. Forced |inspiration
c. Quiet |expiration
d. Forced |expiration |- |ANSWER |c
The |maximum |volume |of |air |a |person |can |exhale |after |a |maximum |inspiration |is |termed
|the:
a. expiratory |reserve |volume.
b. inspiratory |reserve |volume.
c. total |lung |capacity.
d. vital |capacity. |- |ANSWER |d
Which |of |the |following |applies |to |the |blood |in |the |pulmonary |artery?
a. PCO2 |is |low.
b. PO2 |is |low.
c. Hydrostatic |pressure |is |very |high.
d. It |is |flowing |into |the |left |atrium. |- |ANSWER |b
Which |of |the |following |causes |bronchodilation?
a. Epinephrine
b. Histamine
,c. Parasympathetic |nervous |system
d. Drugs |that |block |2-adrenergic |receptors |- |ANSWER |a
The |central |chemoreceptors |in |the |medulla |are |normally |most |sensitive |to:
a. low |oxygen |level.
b. low |concentration |of |hydrogen |ions.
c. elevated |oxygen |level.
d. elevated |carbon |dioxide |level. |- |ANSWER |d
Oxygen |diffuses |from |the |alveoli |to |the |blood |because:
a. PO2 |is |higher |in |the |blood.
b. PO2 |is |lower |in |the |blood.
c. CO2 |is |diffusing |out |of |the |blood.
d. more |CO2 |is |diffusing |out |of |cells |into |the |blood. |- |ANSWER |b
Carbon |dioxide |is |primarily |transported |in |the |blood:
a. as |dissolved |gas.
b. attached |to |the |iron |molecule |in |hemoglobin.
c. as |bicarbonate |ion.
d. as |carbonic |acid. |- |ANSWER |c
What |would |hypercapnia |cause?
a. Increased |serum |pH
b. Decreased |respirations
c. Respiratory |acidosis
d. Decreased |carbonic |acid |in |the |blood |- |ANSWER |c
Which |of |the |following |would |result |from |hyperventilation?
a. Respiratory |acidosis
b. Respiratory |alkalosis
c. Metabolic |alkalosis
d. Metabolic |acidosis |- |ANSWER |b
Which |of |the |following |values |is |always |decreased |with |respiratory |alkalosis
|(compensated |or |decompensated)?
a. Serum |bicarbonate
b. PaCO2
c. Serum |pH
d. Urine |pH |- |ANSWER |b |(Decompensation |occurs |when |compensatory |mechanisms
|cannot |maintain |a |normal |pH |range.)
, What |would |be |the |most |effective |compensation |for |respiratory |acidosis?
a. The |kidneys |eliminating |more |bicarbonate |ions
b. The |kidneys |producing |more |bicarbonate |ions
c. The |kidneys |reabsorbing |more |hydrogen |ions
d. An |increase |in |respiratory |rate |- |ANSWER |b
What |is |the |acid-base |status |of |a |patient |with |the |following |values |for |arterial |blood |gases?
Serum |bicarbonate |36.5 |mmol/L |(normal |range: |22-28) |PCO2
|75 |mm |Hg |(normal |range: |35-45)
Serum |pH |7.0
a. Compensated |metabolic |acidosis
b. Decompensated |metabolic |acidosis
c. Compensated |respiratory |acidosis
d. Decompensated |respiratory |acidosis |- |ANSWER |d
(Decompensation |occurs |when |compensatory |mechanisms |cannot |maintain |a |normal |pH
|range.)
(Compensatory |Mechanisms: |W hen |a |pathologic |condition |exists, |the |pH |balance |moves
|outside |of |the |normal |range |and |the |lungs |or |kidneys |compensate.
Compensation |is |a |short-term |solution. |The |goal |is |to |resolve |the |underlying |cause |of |the
|imbalance.)
What |does |carbaminohemoglobin |refer |to?
a. Replacement |of |oxygen |by |carbon |monoxide |on |hemoglobin |molecules
b. Full |saturation |of |all |heme |molecules |by |oxygen
c. Carbon |dioxide |attached |to |an |amino |group |on |the |hemoglobin |molecule
d. Oxygen |combined |with |iron |in |the |hemoglobin |molecule |- |ANSWER |c
Approximately |what |percentage |of |bound |oxygen |is |released |to |the |cells |for |metabolism |during
|an |erythrocyte's |journey |through |the |circulatory |system?
a. 80%
b. 25%
c. 10%
d. 50% |- |ANSWER |b
The |production |of |yellowish-green, |cloudy, |thick |sputum |is |often |an |indication |of:
a. bacterial |infection.
