Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether
t t t t
Test
NURSINGTB.COM
, Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether t t t t
Chapter 01: Cellular
Test Biology
t t t
Huether&McCance:UnderstandingPathophysiology,6thEdition
t t t t t t
MULTIPLE CHOICE t
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
DNA with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
student?
t
a. A single circular chromosome
t t t
b. A nucleus t
c. Free-floating nuclear material t t
d. No organelles t
ANS: B
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome called
t t t t t t t t t t t t
a prokaryote contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles.
t t t t t t t t t t
REF: p. 2 t
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is
t t t t t t t t t t t t
the nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
nutrients to energy?
t t t
a. Metabolic absorption t
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: NURSINGTB.COM
D t
The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
involves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and
t t t t t t t t t t t t
secretion allows for the synthesizing of new substances.
t t t t t t t t
REF: p. 2 t
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
most of the genetic information be contained?
t t t t t t t
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm t
ANS: C
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
ribonucleic acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
tlocated within the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is associated with cellular
t t t t t t t t t
trespiration, while ribosomes are involved with protein manufacturing. Cytoplasm is
t t t t t t t t t
ta fluid filling that is a component of the cell.
t t t t t t t t t
REF: p. 2 t
NURSINGTB.COM
, Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether t t t t
Test
4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by dissolving the
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
layer itself?
t t
a. Peripheral membrane proteins t t
b. Integral membrane proteins t t
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules t t
ANS: B
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the
t t t t t t t t t t t t
surface while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane.
t t t t t t t t t t t t
Glycoprotein marks cells and does not float.
t t t t t t t
REF: p. 7 t
5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
t t t t t t t t t
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids t
d. Ligands
ANS: D
Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane.
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
REF: p. 9 t
6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation in the
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
extracellular matrix would suNppUoS
t RNrt TthIe dG
iagnBo.
siC
s of M
metastatic cancer?
t t t t t t
t t
t t t
t
t tv v t
a. Decreased fibronectin t
b. Increased collagen t
c. Decreased elastin t
d. Increased glycoproteins t
ANS: A
Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous cells, allowing
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
them to travel or metastasize.
t t t t t
REF: p. 10 t
7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
a. Cell junction t
b. Gap junction t
c. Desmosome
d. Tight junction t
ANS: A
Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell.
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight junctions
t t t t t t t t t t t t
are associated with cellular communication.
t t t t t
REF: p. 11 t
NURSINGTB.COM
, Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether t t t t
Test
8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring
t t t t t t t t t t t
alpha cells. This action is an example of which of the following signaling types?
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: A
Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up,
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
glucagon. None of the other options involve signaling that is associated with a local
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
chemical mediator like insulin.
t t t t
REF: p. 12 t
9. In t cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
t t t t t t t t t
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS: B
Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to a product
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
of the reaction. Cellular metabolism is not dependent on an attraction between an
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
enzyme and any of the remaining options.
t t t t t t t
REF: p.
16 NURSINGTB.COM
10. An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract.
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
The athlete asks the nurse why this happened. The nurse’s response is based on the
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
knowledge that the problem is result of a deficiency of:
t t t t t t t t t t
a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
ANS: C
When ATP is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results. None of the other options are
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
involved in muscle contraction.
t t t t
REF: p. 16 t
11. Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?
t t t t t t t
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citric acid cycle t t
ANS: D
While some ATP is produced during the oxidation and glycolysis phases, most of the ATP is generated
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
during the citric acid cycle. Digestion does not produce any ATP.
t t t t t t t t t t t
NURSINGTB.COM
t t t t
Test
NURSINGTB.COM
, Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether t t t t
Chapter 01: Cellular
Test Biology
t t t
Huether&McCance:UnderstandingPathophysiology,6thEdition
t t t t t t
MULTIPLE CHOICE t
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
DNA with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
student?
t
a. A single circular chromosome
t t t
b. A nucleus t
c. Free-floating nuclear material t t
d. No organelles t
ANS: B
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome called
t t t t t t t t t t t t
a prokaryote contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles.
t t t t t t t t t t
REF: p. 2 t
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is
t t t t t t t t t t t t
the nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
nutrients to energy?
t t t
a. Metabolic absorption t
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: NURSINGTB.COM
D t
The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
involves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and
t t t t t t t t t t t t
secretion allows for the synthesizing of new substances.
t t t t t t t t
REF: p. 2 t
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
most of the genetic information be contained?
t t t t t t t
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm t
ANS: C
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
ribonucleic acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
tlocated within the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is associated with cellular
t t t t t t t t t
trespiration, while ribosomes are involved with protein manufacturing. Cytoplasm is
t t t t t t t t t
ta fluid filling that is a component of the cell.
t t t t t t t t t
REF: p. 2 t
NURSINGTB.COM
, Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether t t t t
Test
4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by dissolving the
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
layer itself?
t t
a. Peripheral membrane proteins t t
b. Integral membrane proteins t t
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules t t
ANS: B
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the
t t t t t t t t t t t t
surface while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane.
t t t t t t t t t t t t
Glycoprotein marks cells and does not float.
t t t t t t t
REF: p. 7 t
5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
t t t t t t t t t
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids t
d. Ligands
ANS: D
Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane.
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
REF: p. 9 t
6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation in the
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
extracellular matrix would suNppUoS
t RNrt TthIe dG
iagnBo.
siC
s of M
metastatic cancer?
t t t t t t
t t
t t t
t
t tv v t
a. Decreased fibronectin t
b. Increased collagen t
c. Decreased elastin t
d. Increased glycoproteins t
ANS: A
Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous cells, allowing
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
them to travel or metastasize.
t t t t t
REF: p. 10 t
7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
a. Cell junction t
b. Gap junction t
c. Desmosome
d. Tight junction t
ANS: A
Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell.
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight junctions
t t t t t t t t t t t t
are associated with cellular communication.
t t t t t
REF: p. 11 t
NURSINGTB.COM
, Understanding Pathophysiology 6th Edition Huether t t t t
Test
8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring
t t t t t t t t t t t
alpha cells. This action is an example of which of the following signaling types?
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: A
Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up,
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
glucagon. None of the other options involve signaling that is associated with a local
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
chemical mediator like insulin.
t t t t
REF: p. 12 t
9. In t cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
t t t t t t t t t
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS: B
Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to a product
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
of the reaction. Cellular metabolism is not dependent on an attraction between an
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
enzyme and any of the remaining options.
t t t t t t t
REF: p.
16 NURSINGTB.COM
10. An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract.
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
The athlete asks the nurse why this happened. The nurse’s response is based on the
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
knowledge that the problem is result of a deficiency of:
t t t t t t t t t t
a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
ANS: C
When ATP is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results. None of the other options are
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
involved in muscle contraction.
t t t t
REF: p. 16 t
11. Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?
t t t t t t t
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citric acid cycle t t
ANS: D
While some ATP is produced during the oxidation and glycolysis phases, most of the ATP is generated
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
during the citric acid cycle. Digestion does not produce any ATP.
t t t t t t t t t t t
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