ARDMS ABDOMINAL SONOGRAPHY NEWEST EXAM 2024
COMPLETE 250 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS
What are the four sonographic indications for acute renal vein
thrombosis? - ANSWER-1. Dilated thrombosed renal vein
2. Absence of venous flow within the kidney
3. Enlarged hypoechoic kidney
4. high resistive renal artery waveform
What is the sonographic appearance of chronic renal vein thrombosis? -
ANSWER-decreased renal size
increased parenchymal echogenicity
How are obstructive nephropathy and non obstructive nephropathy
differentiated sonographically? - ANSWER-Obstructive nephropathy
(hydronephrosis) is diagnosed if the RI is greater than .7 (can only occur
in acute obstruction)
Non obstructive nephropathy is diagnosed if the RI is less than .7
Name the parts of the Biliary Tree, and what is the name of the tumor
that occurs between the right and left hepatic ducts? - ANSWER-A:
Left Hepatic Duct
B: Right Hepatic Duct
C: Common Hepatic Duct
D: Cystic Duct
,E: Common Bile Duct
X: Cholangiocarcinoma @ junction of rt and lt hepatic duct AKA
Klatskin tumor
What tumor occurs at the junction of the right and left hepatic duct? -
ANSWER-Cholangiocarcinoma, also called a Klatskin tumor
Give examples of prehepatic, intrahepatic and posthepatic portal
hypertension - ANSWER-Pre- Portal vein thrombosis
Intra- Cirrhosis; schistosomiasis
Post- Budd-Chiari Syndrome
What is the most common cause of acute renal failure? - ANSWER-
Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)
- Renal enlargement + increased resistive index may be associated
Name four sonographic indications of portal vein thrombosis -
ANSWER--Echogenic material within vessel lumen
-increase in portal vein diameter
-portosystemic collateral circulation
-cavernous transformation
Name causes of prehepatic, intrahepatic, or posthepatic portal
hypertension: - ANSWER-Prehepatic portal hypertension: Portal Vein
thrombosis
,Intrahepatic portal hypertension: Cirrhosis; Schistosomiasis
Posthepatic portal hypertension: Budd-Chiari Syndrome
Identify causes of renal vein thrombosis: - ANSWER--IVC or renal vein
extrinsic compression
-nephrotic syndrome
-renal tumors
-renal allografts
-trauma
Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction is a common congenital
anomaly. What genitourinary tract anomaly is commonly associated
with a contralateral UPJ obstruction? - ANSWER-Unilateral
multicystic dysplastic kidney
What is the most common cause of obstruction in patients with acute
flank pain? - ANSWER-Renal Calculi
Name the three common locations within the urinary tract for
obstruction from a renal calculi. Which is the most common? -
ANSWER-1. Ureterovesical Junction (most common)
2. Ureteropelvic junction
3. Ureteric Obstruction at level of pelvic inlet
What is the formula for resistive index? - ANSWER-Peak systolic - End
diastolic / Peak systolic
, Describe the waveform characteristics of the arterial side of an
arteriovenous fistula: - ANSWER-Abnormally low resistive arterial flow
pattern; waveform has increased and sustained diastolic flow
Describe the waveform characteristics of the venous side of an
arteriovenous fistula: - ANSWER-Waveform with increased velocity,
pulsatility, and with spectral broadening due to turbulance
List four sonographic criteria for determining renal artery stenosis: -
ANSWER-1. Kidney size less than 9 cm in length
2. Peak main renal artery velocity > 180cm/sec
3. Renal artery/aorta ratio > 3.5
4. Intrarenal parvus tardus waveform
Describe the sonographic appearance of a ureterocele: - ANSWER-
Round, cystic structures that project into the bladder lumen at the
ureterovesical junction
Name the structure that connects the apex of the bladder to the
umbilicus.
What is the term that describes cystic dilation of this structure? -
ANSWER-Medial umbilical ligament (urachus)- lies in space of Retzius
Urachal Cyst (in the lower abdomen and extends from the umbilicus to
the dome of the bladder)
COMPLETE 250 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS
What are the four sonographic indications for acute renal vein
thrombosis? - ANSWER-1. Dilated thrombosed renal vein
2. Absence of venous flow within the kidney
3. Enlarged hypoechoic kidney
4. high resistive renal artery waveform
What is the sonographic appearance of chronic renal vein thrombosis? -
ANSWER-decreased renal size
increased parenchymal echogenicity
How are obstructive nephropathy and non obstructive nephropathy
differentiated sonographically? - ANSWER-Obstructive nephropathy
(hydronephrosis) is diagnosed if the RI is greater than .7 (can only occur
in acute obstruction)
Non obstructive nephropathy is diagnosed if the RI is less than .7
Name the parts of the Biliary Tree, and what is the name of the tumor
that occurs between the right and left hepatic ducts? - ANSWER-A:
Left Hepatic Duct
B: Right Hepatic Duct
C: Common Hepatic Duct
D: Cystic Duct
,E: Common Bile Duct
X: Cholangiocarcinoma @ junction of rt and lt hepatic duct AKA
Klatskin tumor
What tumor occurs at the junction of the right and left hepatic duct? -
ANSWER-Cholangiocarcinoma, also called a Klatskin tumor
Give examples of prehepatic, intrahepatic and posthepatic portal
hypertension - ANSWER-Pre- Portal vein thrombosis
Intra- Cirrhosis; schistosomiasis
Post- Budd-Chiari Syndrome
What is the most common cause of acute renal failure? - ANSWER-
Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)
- Renal enlargement + increased resistive index may be associated
Name four sonographic indications of portal vein thrombosis -
ANSWER--Echogenic material within vessel lumen
-increase in portal vein diameter
-portosystemic collateral circulation
-cavernous transformation
Name causes of prehepatic, intrahepatic, or posthepatic portal
hypertension: - ANSWER-Prehepatic portal hypertension: Portal Vein
thrombosis
,Intrahepatic portal hypertension: Cirrhosis; Schistosomiasis
Posthepatic portal hypertension: Budd-Chiari Syndrome
Identify causes of renal vein thrombosis: - ANSWER--IVC or renal vein
extrinsic compression
-nephrotic syndrome
-renal tumors
-renal allografts
-trauma
Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction is a common congenital
anomaly. What genitourinary tract anomaly is commonly associated
with a contralateral UPJ obstruction? - ANSWER-Unilateral
multicystic dysplastic kidney
What is the most common cause of obstruction in patients with acute
flank pain? - ANSWER-Renal Calculi
Name the three common locations within the urinary tract for
obstruction from a renal calculi. Which is the most common? -
ANSWER-1. Ureterovesical Junction (most common)
2. Ureteropelvic junction
3. Ureteric Obstruction at level of pelvic inlet
What is the formula for resistive index? - ANSWER-Peak systolic - End
diastolic / Peak systolic
, Describe the waveform characteristics of the arterial side of an
arteriovenous fistula: - ANSWER-Abnormally low resistive arterial flow
pattern; waveform has increased and sustained diastolic flow
Describe the waveform characteristics of the venous side of an
arteriovenous fistula: - ANSWER-Waveform with increased velocity,
pulsatility, and with spectral broadening due to turbulance
List four sonographic criteria for determining renal artery stenosis: -
ANSWER-1. Kidney size less than 9 cm in length
2. Peak main renal artery velocity > 180cm/sec
3. Renal artery/aorta ratio > 3.5
4. Intrarenal parvus tardus waveform
Describe the sonographic appearance of a ureterocele: - ANSWER-
Round, cystic structures that project into the bladder lumen at the
ureterovesical junction
Name the structure that connects the apex of the bladder to the
umbilicus.
What is the term that describes cystic dilation of this structure? -
ANSWER-Medial umbilical ligament (urachus)- lies in space of Retzius
Urachal Cyst (in the lower abdomen and extends from the umbilicus to
the dome of the bladder)
