NRSG 2350 Exam 3 Questions Answered Correctly Latest Update

NRSG 2350 Exam 3 Questions Answered Correctly Latest Update Atelectasis - Answers ● complete or partial collapse of the lung alveoli within the lung deflate or poorly filled with fluid. ● most common after surgery due to anesthesia Pulmonary embolism - Answers ● Blocking of a pulmonary artery due to a blood clot DVT is a risk for PE ● Manifestations: SOB, hypoxia, hemoptysis, pleuritic CP, and elevated rr ● Treatment: thrombolytics, anticoag w heparin, coumadin, O2 ● Diagnosis: only tells that theres a clot, not location lower extremity ultrasound and CT angiogram Emphysema - Answers ● a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness. ● Signs: dyspnea on exertion, late dyspnea at rest tachycardia, prolonged expiration, barrel chet, purse lips chronic bronchitis - Answers ● Condition where irritation of airways occurs - major and small - increased number of mucous cells - mucus hypersecretion ● Mostly men, productive cough, present for years and gets worse - diagnosis requires history of chronic cough thats lasted for at least three months for two years pneumonia - Answers ● Condition where inflammation of the lung structures occurs - bacteria and virus ● Symptoms -- fever, cough, chills, SOB, chest pain, fatigue ● Diagnosis chest x-ray and leukocytosis - community acquired or HAI - treated via o2, fluids, antipyretics and antibiotics Asthma - Answers ● reversible airway obstruction - can be caused by exposure to allergens ● Symptoms : wheeze, SOB, chest tightness ● Diagnosis: PTFS ● Treatment : sympathomimetics, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, mast cell inhibitors, reduce exposures, o2 BUN - Answers blood urea nitrogen: measures amount of urea nitrogen in blood, used to access kidney function COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) - Answers ● treatable, not reversible ● Condition where chronic obstruction of airways occurs - leads to loss of alveolar tissue and lung fibers ● Emphysema -- damage to alveoli ● Bronchitis -- inflammation/ mucus airway ●RISK: smoking, coal, dust ●Pathophysiology: tissue destruction, diminished air flow, air trapping TREAT- smoking cessatiohyperinflammationn, o2, bronchodilators, anticholinergics, steroids, antibiotics Creatinine - Answers nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine, assesses kidney function pyelonephritis - Answers inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney (UTI) Acute cystisis - Answers bladder infection, bacteria adhere to bladder walls hematuria (cloudy urine) Type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes - Answers rapid onset, younger people, destruction of pancreas beta cells, pancreas doesnt make insulin AT ALL. thirst (polydipsia_ urination (polyuria) Hunger (polyphagia) type 2 diabetes - Answers mature adults, slow, progressive onset overweight pancreas makes little insulin, insulin resistance (cells dont allow insulin to enter) decreased uptake of glucose ADH (antidiuretic hormone) - Answers Hormone made in hypothalamus, stored and released from pituitary gland, that controls permeability of collecting duct in walls of kidneys diabetes insipidus - Answers too little ADH Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) - Answers too much ADH Nephritic syndrome - Answers Hallmark is glomerular inflammation and bleeding 1.) LIMITED proteinuria 2.) Oliguria and Azotemia 3.) Salt retention -- periorbital edema and hypertension(salt/fluid retention) 4.) RBC casts and dysmorphic RBCs in urine-- Immune Complex deposition activated Complement; C5a attracts neutrophils which mediate the damage pleural effusion - Answers abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space pneumothorax - Answers air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall Hypoxia - Answers lack of oxygen hypoxemia - Answers pco2 60 mmHg cyanosis, low arterial o2 supply