NRSG 2350 - Module 3 Exam Questions Answered Correctly Latest Update 2025-2026
What are the 4 physical barrier defenses to protect body from pathogens? - Answers 1. skin
2. mucous membranes: not covered by skin
3. gastric acid: secreted via stomach
4. major histocompatibility complex: self-cells vs foreign
What are the symptoms of inflammatory response? - Answers 1. erythema: increase blood flow
2. heat: increase blood flow
3. edema: swelling, capillary beds become more porous
4. pain: painful fibers stimulated
What are the purposes of inflammatory response? - Answers 1. neutralize and eliminate
offending agents
2. destroy necrosed tissue
3. prepare tissue for repair
Why do capillary permeability increase during inflammatory response? - Answers allows WBCs
(larger molecules), antibodies, clotting factors to enter tissues
What is the first step of triggering the immune response? - Answers inflammation response
What occurs during an injury? - Answers 1. margination and emigration: facilitate action of
WBCs to exit blood and enter inflamed tissue
2. Chemokines are chemical communicators attract WBCs to site of injury and trigger
macrophages and neutrophils
3. Cytokines stimulate growth and differentiation of WBCs to attract and ensure increased
amount of WBCs are at site
What is the innate immune reponse? - Answers -non-specific
-occurs in ALL infections/injuries
-includes basic physical barriers
What is the acquired immune repsonse? - Answers -specific response
, -respond to specific bacteria or virus
-capability to learn from past infections and act more specifically and precisely towards
pathogen
What 5 phagocytes are part of the innate response? - Answers 1. neutrophils
2. macrophages
3. basophils
4. eosinophils
5. natural killer cells
How do lymphoid progenitor cells differentiate? - Answers go from bone marrow to lymph
nodes then differentiate and develop
How do myeloid progenitor cells differentiate? - Answers bone marrow to blood and occur in
active form
What 2 types of WBCs are there? - Answers common lymphoid progenitor
common myeloid progenitor
What cells (lymphocytes) are lymphoid progenitor and associated with what type of immune
response? - Answers B cells, T cells, natural killer cells; acquired
What cells (monocytes) are myeloid progenitor and associated with what type of immune
response? - Answers erythrocytes, mast cells, macrophages, granulocytes, dendritic cells; innate
What are the 3 types of granulocytes? What is the primary WBC in blood? - Answers 1.
neutrophils; primary
2. basophils
3. eosinophils
What does it mean if there is an elevated number of neutrophils? - Answers indicator of how
severe infection is
How do neutrophils attack invaders? - Answers phagocytosis: engulf and contain invaders
What are the purposes of macrophages? - Answers -clearance of bacteria that breaches
epithelial barrier via phagocytosis
-create antigens to direct cells and point to type of infection to other cells (communicators)
-release chemokines and cytokines
What are the 4 physical barrier defenses to protect body from pathogens? - Answers 1. skin
2. mucous membranes: not covered by skin
3. gastric acid: secreted via stomach
4. major histocompatibility complex: self-cells vs foreign
What are the symptoms of inflammatory response? - Answers 1. erythema: increase blood flow
2. heat: increase blood flow
3. edema: swelling, capillary beds become more porous
4. pain: painful fibers stimulated
What are the purposes of inflammatory response? - Answers 1. neutralize and eliminate
offending agents
2. destroy necrosed tissue
3. prepare tissue for repair
Why do capillary permeability increase during inflammatory response? - Answers allows WBCs
(larger molecules), antibodies, clotting factors to enter tissues
What is the first step of triggering the immune response? - Answers inflammation response
What occurs during an injury? - Answers 1. margination and emigration: facilitate action of
WBCs to exit blood and enter inflamed tissue
2. Chemokines are chemical communicators attract WBCs to site of injury and trigger
macrophages and neutrophils
3. Cytokines stimulate growth and differentiation of WBCs to attract and ensure increased
amount of WBCs are at site
What is the innate immune reponse? - Answers -non-specific
-occurs in ALL infections/injuries
-includes basic physical barriers
What is the acquired immune repsonse? - Answers -specific response
, -respond to specific bacteria or virus
-capability to learn from past infections and act more specifically and precisely towards
pathogen
What 5 phagocytes are part of the innate response? - Answers 1. neutrophils
2. macrophages
3. basophils
4. eosinophils
5. natural killer cells
How do lymphoid progenitor cells differentiate? - Answers go from bone marrow to lymph
nodes then differentiate and develop
How do myeloid progenitor cells differentiate? - Answers bone marrow to blood and occur in
active form
What 2 types of WBCs are there? - Answers common lymphoid progenitor
common myeloid progenitor
What cells (lymphocytes) are lymphoid progenitor and associated with what type of immune
response? - Answers B cells, T cells, natural killer cells; acquired
What cells (monocytes) are myeloid progenitor and associated with what type of immune
response? - Answers erythrocytes, mast cells, macrophages, granulocytes, dendritic cells; innate
What are the 3 types of granulocytes? What is the primary WBC in blood? - Answers 1.
neutrophils; primary
2. basophils
3. eosinophils
What does it mean if there is an elevated number of neutrophils? - Answers indicator of how
severe infection is
How do neutrophils attack invaders? - Answers phagocytosis: engulf and contain invaders
What are the purposes of macrophages? - Answers -clearance of bacteria that breaches
epithelial barrier via phagocytosis
-create antigens to direct cells and point to type of infection to other cells (communicators)
-release chemokines and cytokines
