NR507 ARF AND CKD FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED)

1. One of the first pathophysiological responses to the decreased GFR in acute renal failure is: Secretion of creatine. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Reabsorption of BUN. Increased urination Correct Answer Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. One of the first pathophysiological responses to the decreased GFR is the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. 2. A pre-renal cause of acute renal failure is: Inflammation to the renal tubules. Obstruction. Drug toxicity. Hypotension Correct Answer Hypotension Hypotension is a cause of pre-renal failure that reduces blood flow to the kidneys. 3. The most common cause of acute renal failure is due to a pre-renal failure. True False: True This statement is true. The most common cause of acute renal failure is due to a pre-renal failure. 4. One of the major markers for glomerular filtration rate is creatinine. True False: True This statement is true. One of the major markers for glomerular filtration rate is creatinine. 5. Pre-renal is the most common cause of acute renal failure. True False: True Pre-renal is the most common cause of acute renal failure. 6. Acute renal failure (ARF) involves a sudden loss of kidney function. The individual will experience Correct Answer Oliguria (< 30ml/hr). Increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. Fluid and electrolyte abnormalities. 7. Prerenal Failure: A sudden and severe drop in blood pressure (shock) or interruption of blood flow to the kidneys from severe injury or illness. 8. Intrarenal Failure: Direct damage to the kidneys by inflammation, toxins, drugs, infection, or reduced blood supply. 9. Postrenal Failure: Sudden obstruction of urine flow due to enlarged prostate, kidney stones, bladder tumors, or injury. 10. ARF is Correct Answer organ failure which means that the kidney is no longer functional. 11. In clinical practice, it is important for the NP to be able to identify a patient in pre-renal failure. The following changes will occur Correct Answer On a blood test, there will be an increased creatinine. The reason is because of the decreased blood flow inherent in pre-renal failure. If blood flow is diminished, then creatinine will not freely filter across the glomerulus and into the kidney tubules to freely flow until it is eliminated. It stays in the circulating blood. Because there is less filtration due to decreased blood flow, less BUN will be filtered which will also increase in the blood. Contributing to the elevated BUN is the fact that it also gets reabsorbed from the tubules once it has filtered across the glomerulus. So, when examining a blood report, both creatinine and BUN will be elevated, but the BUN will be much more elevated than the creatinine indicating a high BUN/creatine ratio.