Penn Foster Veterinary Pharmacology Final Exam UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Distinguish between hormonal, endocrine, and repro-
ductive drugs
Drugs affect the nervous system by acting at the synap-
Describe how drugs affect the nervous system tic junctions to promote neurotransmitter's activity, mimic
their actions, or block them from acting.
Expectorants, mucolytics, antitussives, bronchodilators,
Identify examples of respiratory drugs
decongestants
NSAIDs, Opioids, Antihistamines, muscle relaxers,
List which drugs are used to relieve pain and inflammation
steroids, nerve blocks
Summarize the difference between ophthalmic and otic
drugs
Compare and contrast cardiovascular and gastrointestinal
drugs
Antiparasitic drugs work by destroying parasites or in-
Describe how antiparasitic drugs work hibiting their growth. Most work by interfering with the
parasite's nervous system to prevent them from moving.
Discuss why replacement drugs are often necessary for
animal health
keeping the staff informed regarding discontinued items,
knowing the dates on which backordered items will be re-
leased from the vendor, packing up goods awaiting return
to the vendor (e.g., expired items), rotating stock correct-
Explain the veterinary technician's role in inventory control
ly, maintaining current prices on all products, organizing
inventory for ease of location and counting, receiving and
inspecting orders on arrival at the veterinary facility, and
learning about new products.
Drug that has aflnity for a receptor/stimulates receptor
Define: Agonist
into action
, Define: Contraindication A reason not to use a drug in a particular situation
Define: Eflcacy the degree to which a drug produces its desired response.
One that may be purchased without prescription from a
Define: Over-the-counter drug
veterinarian
One that must be used under the supervision of a veteri-
Define: Prescription Drug
narina
a group of specialized molecules on or in a cell that bind
Define: Receptor
with a drug to produce an effect
expresses the relationship between a drug's therapeutic
Define: Therapeutic Index
and harmful effects
Amount of time that must elapse between the end of drug
Define: Withdrawl Time therapy and elimination of that drug from patients tissues
or products
Relationship that must exist between the vet, the patient,
Define: Veterinarian-client-patient relationship and the owner before prescription drugs can be dis-
pensed.
Animal product, plant material, minerals, synthetic prod-
List 4 sources of drugs used in Vet Med
ucts
What are 4 components of a drug regimen? Dose, route, frequency, and duration of administration.
1. vet must assume responsibility for making clinical judg-
Discuss the conditions that must be met before a valid ments in relation to health of the animal.
veterinarian-client-patient relationship can be shown to 2. Vet must have recently seen the animal and be acquaint-
exist ed with it's care.
3. Vet must be available for follow-up care of the animal
To carry out the vet's orders correctly. should read the
Discuss the responsibilities of a vet tech in the administra- drug label three times to ensure proper drug is being
tion of drug orders administered and should take care to administer correct
dose by correct route. Should be aware of the expected
, affects and potential adverse side effects and be able to
monitor the patient.
Drug is absorbed (or placed directly) into the blood-
stream, the drug may bind with plasma in the blood or
may exist in free state, circulating blood distributes drug
to capillary level where it leaves circulation and enters in-
Describe the sequence of events that a drug undergoes
terstitial fluid. it bathes the cell and allows drug to bind to
from administration to excretion
cell surface receptors or enter the cell. It then exits the cell
and moves back into interstitial fluid, reenters circulation,
and is transported to liver for metabolism. The metabolite
is then transported to kidneys for excretion.
Oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intraperi-
List 11 possible routes for administering a drug to a pa-
toneal, intraarterial, intracardiac, intramedullary, inhala-
tient.
tion, topical, intradermal
Method of absorption, pH of the drug and ionization sta-
tus, absorptive surface area, blood supply to area, solubili-
List some of the factors that influence drug absorption
ty of drug, dosage form, status of GI tract, and interactions
with other drugs
Most biotransformation occurs in the Liver
Most drug excretion occurs via the Kidneys
Drugs usually produce their effects by combining with
Receptors
specific cellular
The drug name chosen by the manufacturer and is exclu-
Trade/Proprietary Name
sive property of that company is called
names (generic and trade) concentration, quantity, name
What are the 6 items that must be included on drug label? and address of manufacturer, control or lot number, expi-
ration date
What are three government agencies that regulate the de-
FDA, EPA, USDA
velopment, approval, and use of animal health products?
, Why do many vet clinics dispense rather than prescribe
Profit earned from selling products
most of the drugs that they use?
Purchased from manufacturers, distributors, or generic
Describe the marketing of animal health products mail order companies. May be sold only one label to grad-
uate veterinarians and under another as over-the-counter
all FDA-approved veterinary drugs are listed in the publi-
The Green Book
cation entitled
Provides resources concerning the avoidance of drug
What is the purpose of FARAD?
residues in animals
Extralabel veterinary drug use was made legal (under
Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA)
prescribed circumstances) by what act of congress?
Define Compounding Diluting or combingin existing drugs
May cause allergic reaction or neoplasia in people, may
What are potential dangers of residues in animal products cause the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of
bacteria
List 3 classes of drug interactions Pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and pharmaceutic
Drug interaction can be anticipated when two drugs are
Liver
given that are both metabolized by the
one sold only through veterinarians as a policy of the
Define: Ethical Product
manufacturer rather than by FDA requirement
Once a drug has been biotransformed, it is called a Metabolite
A reason to use a drug is a(n) Indication
Diagnostic method of choosing a drug is based on all of
the following except
a. Practical experience
A. Practical experience.
b. Assesment of the patient
c. Obtaining a history
d. Performing lab tests
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Distinguish between hormonal, endocrine, and repro-
ductive drugs
Drugs affect the nervous system by acting at the synap-
Describe how drugs affect the nervous system tic junctions to promote neurotransmitter's activity, mimic
their actions, or block them from acting.
Expectorants, mucolytics, antitussives, bronchodilators,
Identify examples of respiratory drugs
decongestants
NSAIDs, Opioids, Antihistamines, muscle relaxers,
List which drugs are used to relieve pain and inflammation
steroids, nerve blocks
Summarize the difference between ophthalmic and otic
drugs
Compare and contrast cardiovascular and gastrointestinal
drugs
Antiparasitic drugs work by destroying parasites or in-
Describe how antiparasitic drugs work hibiting their growth. Most work by interfering with the
parasite's nervous system to prevent them from moving.
Discuss why replacement drugs are often necessary for
animal health
keeping the staff informed regarding discontinued items,
knowing the dates on which backordered items will be re-
leased from the vendor, packing up goods awaiting return
to the vendor (e.g., expired items), rotating stock correct-
Explain the veterinary technician's role in inventory control
ly, maintaining current prices on all products, organizing
inventory for ease of location and counting, receiving and
inspecting orders on arrival at the veterinary facility, and
learning about new products.
Drug that has aflnity for a receptor/stimulates receptor
Define: Agonist
into action
, Define: Contraindication A reason not to use a drug in a particular situation
Define: Eflcacy the degree to which a drug produces its desired response.
One that may be purchased without prescription from a
Define: Over-the-counter drug
veterinarian
One that must be used under the supervision of a veteri-
Define: Prescription Drug
narina
a group of specialized molecules on or in a cell that bind
Define: Receptor
with a drug to produce an effect
expresses the relationship between a drug's therapeutic
Define: Therapeutic Index
and harmful effects
Amount of time that must elapse between the end of drug
Define: Withdrawl Time therapy and elimination of that drug from patients tissues
or products
Relationship that must exist between the vet, the patient,
Define: Veterinarian-client-patient relationship and the owner before prescription drugs can be dis-
pensed.
Animal product, plant material, minerals, synthetic prod-
List 4 sources of drugs used in Vet Med
ucts
What are 4 components of a drug regimen? Dose, route, frequency, and duration of administration.
1. vet must assume responsibility for making clinical judg-
Discuss the conditions that must be met before a valid ments in relation to health of the animal.
veterinarian-client-patient relationship can be shown to 2. Vet must have recently seen the animal and be acquaint-
exist ed with it's care.
3. Vet must be available for follow-up care of the animal
To carry out the vet's orders correctly. should read the
Discuss the responsibilities of a vet tech in the administra- drug label three times to ensure proper drug is being
tion of drug orders administered and should take care to administer correct
dose by correct route. Should be aware of the expected
, affects and potential adverse side effects and be able to
monitor the patient.
Drug is absorbed (or placed directly) into the blood-
stream, the drug may bind with plasma in the blood or
may exist in free state, circulating blood distributes drug
to capillary level where it leaves circulation and enters in-
Describe the sequence of events that a drug undergoes
terstitial fluid. it bathes the cell and allows drug to bind to
from administration to excretion
cell surface receptors or enter the cell. It then exits the cell
and moves back into interstitial fluid, reenters circulation,
and is transported to liver for metabolism. The metabolite
is then transported to kidneys for excretion.
Oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intraperi-
List 11 possible routes for administering a drug to a pa-
toneal, intraarterial, intracardiac, intramedullary, inhala-
tient.
tion, topical, intradermal
Method of absorption, pH of the drug and ionization sta-
tus, absorptive surface area, blood supply to area, solubili-
List some of the factors that influence drug absorption
ty of drug, dosage form, status of GI tract, and interactions
with other drugs
Most biotransformation occurs in the Liver
Most drug excretion occurs via the Kidneys
Drugs usually produce their effects by combining with
Receptors
specific cellular
The drug name chosen by the manufacturer and is exclu-
Trade/Proprietary Name
sive property of that company is called
names (generic and trade) concentration, quantity, name
What are the 6 items that must be included on drug label? and address of manufacturer, control or lot number, expi-
ration date
What are three government agencies that regulate the de-
FDA, EPA, USDA
velopment, approval, and use of animal health products?
, Why do many vet clinics dispense rather than prescribe
Profit earned from selling products
most of the drugs that they use?
Purchased from manufacturers, distributors, or generic
Describe the marketing of animal health products mail order companies. May be sold only one label to grad-
uate veterinarians and under another as over-the-counter
all FDA-approved veterinary drugs are listed in the publi-
The Green Book
cation entitled
Provides resources concerning the avoidance of drug
What is the purpose of FARAD?
residues in animals
Extralabel veterinary drug use was made legal (under
Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA)
prescribed circumstances) by what act of congress?
Define Compounding Diluting or combingin existing drugs
May cause allergic reaction or neoplasia in people, may
What are potential dangers of residues in animal products cause the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of
bacteria
List 3 classes of drug interactions Pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and pharmaceutic
Drug interaction can be anticipated when two drugs are
Liver
given that are both metabolized by the
one sold only through veterinarians as a policy of the
Define: Ethical Product
manufacturer rather than by FDA requirement
Once a drug has been biotransformed, it is called a Metabolite
A reason to use a drug is a(n) Indication
Diagnostic method of choosing a drug is based on all of
the following except
a. Practical experience
A. Practical experience.
b. Assesment of the patient
c. Obtaining a history
d. Performing lab tests
