NSG 526 Exam 1 2025

NSG 526 Exam 1 2025 What is not considered a mental disorder? - --An expectable or culturally approved response to a common stressor or loss, such as the death of a loved one -Socially deviant behavior (i.e. political, religious, or sexual) and conflicts that are primarily between the individual and society (unless the behaviors are due to a dysfunction) What is considered a mental disorder per the DSM5? - --Associated with significant distress or disability in social, occupation, or other important activities -Significant disturbance in cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological or developmental processes underlying mental functioning Purpose of Scope of Practice? - --Define NP roles -Identify competencies assumed to be held by all NPs who function in a particular role -Varies broadly from state to state Purpose of Standard of Practice? - --Authoritative statements regarding the quality and type of practice that should be provided -Provide a way to judge the nature of care provided -Reflect the expectation for the care that should be provided to clients with various illnesses -Reflect professional agreement focused on the minimum levels of acceptable performance -Can be used to legally describe the standard of care that must be met by a provider -May be precise protocols that must be followed or more general guidelines that recommend actions Purpose of Psychiatric Interview? - -Understand the patient's illness to evaluate the effect on their lives and create a beginning diagnosis and treatment plan What is a Therapeutic Alliance? - --Create a relationship with client by being calming, warm, understanding, kind, respectful, concerned and focused -Able to help patient better if a therapeutic alliance was formed Important components of a therapeutic alliance? - --Therapist and patient work collaboratively to create therapeutic change through an affectionate bond -Agreement on goals of therapy -The therapist's ability to be empathetic and involved in therapy -The ability of the patient to do the work of therapy What is Psychotherapy? - -Holistic treatment that relies on the nurse's processing of that the patient is experiencing NUR 526 NUR 526 Peplau's most universal contribution to PMHNPs? - --Her application of Sullivan's theory of anxiety to nursing practice -Described the effects of different levels of anxiety (mild, moderate, severe, and panic) on perception and learning -Promoted interventions to lower anxiety, with the aim of improving clients' abilities to think and function at more satisfactory levels Per Peplau, skills of a MH nurse? - --Observation, interpretation, and intervention (The PMHNP observes and listens to the client, developing impressions about the client's situation) What is the main idea for Peplau's Theory of Interpersonal Relationships? - --The processes by which the nurse helps clients make positive changes in their health care status and well-being -Believed that illness offered a unique opportunity for experiential learning, personal growth, and improved coping strategies and that PMH-APRNs play a unique role in facilitating this growth Therapeutic Communication Techniques? - --Silence -Accepting -Giving recognition -Giving information -Offering self -Giving broad openings -Offering general leads -Placing the event in time or sequence -Making observation -Encouraging description of perceptions -Encouraging comparison -Reflection -Exploring -Seeking clarification -Presenting reality -Voicing doubt -Verbalizing the implied -Attempting to translate into feelings -Encouraging formulation of a plan of action -Summarizing Non-Therapeutic Techniques? - --Reassuring -Approving -Disapproving -Rejecting -Advising -Probing NUR 526 NUR 526 -Challenging -Defending -Requesting an explanation -Indication the existence of an external source -Belittling feelings -Making stereotypical comments -Giving literal responses -Introducing an unrelated topic Four Phases of the Nursing Model? - --Orientation -Identification -Exploitation -Resolution Psychotherapy Process? - --The PMHNP addresses individual and family problems with the patient -Assess identified problems during the orientation phase -Determines the underlying healthcare issues with the patient -Collects psychiatric data -Establish a trusting relationship How does the patient recover through adaption? - -By applying core principles of psychotherapy, as well as, nursing theory What does the PMHNP need to avoid? - -Avoid taking patients with similar problems or put aside personal pathology Goals for Interpersonal Therapy? - --Focus on difficulties patient is experiencing in current relationships and the ways the relationships can be handled -Change pattern of communication -Alter expectations within relationships -Use social supports to help patients deal with stressors and improve their environment -Relieve symptoms -Build social skills Indications for Interpersonal Therapy? - --Complicated bereavement/grief -Marital and interpersonal conflicts, such as role disputes -Life events, such as role transitions -Isolation, lack of support, interpersonal deficits Early Phase of Interpersonal Therapy? - -Therapist identifies depressive symptoms, evaluates patient, generates a diagnosis, obtain information on how the patient handles relationships Middle Phase of Interpersonal Therapy? - -Patient and therapist derive more specific strategies to deal with stressors NUR 526 NUR 526 Termination Phase of Interpersonal Therapy? - --Consolidate gains -Foster independence in the person -Review risk of relapse and reappearance of depressive symptoms -To contract again for continuation of treatment as needed Purpose of Group Therapy? - -Facilitate changes by the patient in order to address identified problems Role of leader in group therapy? - -Assure dominant members are brought to the attention of the group, so they are able to address issues within the process Role of information giver in group therapy? - -A person explaining to the group ways that person is able to cope with things Role of Reinforcement in group therapy? - -A technique where special favors or awards are given to assure patient participation and involvement in group therapy Goal of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)? - -Increase subjectivity about thoughts governing their behavior. This is done by: -homework assignments -dream description -looking at ideas and beliefs the patient has about themselves CBT Interventions? - --Encouraging patient to analyze early parental relationships -Underlying meaning of behavior -Identification of negative thoughts -Effect of thoughts on feelings and behaviors Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) is useful for? - --Anxiety -Bipolar Disorder -Eating Disorders -Borderline Personality Disorder Stages of Development? - -1. Infancy (birth to 18 months) 2. Childhood (18 months to 6 yrs.) 3. Juvenile (6 to 9 yrs.) 4. Preadolescence (9-12 yrs.) 5. Early Adolescence (12-14 yrs.) 6. Late Adolescence (14-21 yrs.) Characteristic of Infancy? - -Gratification of needs Characteristic of Childhood? - -Delayed gratification NUR 526 NUR 526 Characteristic of Juvenile? - -Formation of peer group Characteristic of Preadolescence? - -Developing relationships within same gender Characteristic of Early Adolescence? - -Identity Characteristic of Late Adolescence? - -Forming lasting and intimate relationships What are the 3 types of self? - --Good me vs Bad me: based on social appraisal and the anxiety that results from negative feedback -Not me: unknown, repressed component of self How does Sullivan's theory define security operation? - -Measures that the individual employs to reduce anxiety and enhance security How does Sullivan's theory define self system? - -All of the security operations that an individual uses to defend against anxiety and ensure self-esteem What is Milieu Therapy? - --Significant time spent in a home-like environment -Interact with similar individuals -Conduct different activities throughout the day -May attend group or individual therapy sessions -Establish treatment goals for themselves and community -Learn new ways to respond from peers and counselors Goal of Milieu Therapy? - -Return to larger society when goals have been met What is Behavioral Therapy? - --Broad term referring to psychotherapy, behavior analytics, or a combination of the two -Focus on behaviors or in combination with thoughts and feelings that might be causing them What is Psychoanalysis? - --Treatment method in which the client expresses all thoughts freely and without censoring self -Freud concluded that talking about emotional issues had the potential to heal the wounds causing mental illness Components of Mental Status Exam (MSE)? - --General appearance, attitude, behavior -Speech -Mood and Affect -Thought content -Thought process -Impulse Control -Cognition and Senso