Gross Anatomy - Lungs and Heart I Exam With complete
solution–Expert Verified | Latest Questions 2025
What is the Hilum (location and function)? - Location: depression on medial surface of
lung
Function: entrance and exit for root structures
What is the root (of the lung)? - Collection of structures passing through the Hilum
-Bronchi
-Pulmonary a. and vv.
-Bronchial aa. and vv.
-Anterior and posterior pulmonary plexuses
-Lymphatics
What is the pulmonary ligament? - Ligament extending from the root inferiorly
What is the apex of the lung? - Top of lung, extends above 1st rib
What structures are adjacent to the apex of the lung? - Esophagus and trachea (R)
Left common carotid and left subclavian aa.
What does the base of the lung sit on? - The diaphragm (AKA diaphragmatic surface)
What is the costal surface of the lung? - Large surface adjacent to costal pleura
What is the mediastinal surface of the lung? - Concave medial surface with pulmonary
root and ligament located within
What structures are adjacent to the mediastinal surface of the lung? - Azygos v. and
arch (R) and arch of aorta and thoracic aorta (L)
Which lung has three lobes? - Right lung
What are the lobes of the right lung? - Superior, middle, inferior
What are the gaps between the lobes of lungs called? - Fissures
What are the fissures of the right lung? - Oblique and horizontal
What is the location of the pulmonary a. in relation to the bronchus on the right lung? -
Anterior to it
What is the location of the pulmonary vv. in relation to the bronchus and pulmonary a.
on the right lung? - Inferior and anterior to them
, What relationships are associated with the right lung? - SVC, azygos v. and arch
How many lobes are in the left lung? - 2
What are the lobes of the left lung? - Superior and inferior
What are the fissures of the left lung? - Just oblique
What is the depression in in the left lung where the heart sits called? - Cardiac
impression
What is the anterior margin of the superior lobe of the left lung called when it becomes
concave? - Cardiac notch
What is the tail on the superior lobe that lies just inferior to the cardiac notch called? -
Lingula
What relationships are associated with the left lung? - Heart and apex, arch and
thoracic aorta
What is the location of the pulmonary a. in relation to the bronchus on the left lung? -
Superior to it
What is the location of the pulmonary vv. in relation to the bronchus and pulmonary a.
on the left lung? - Mostly anterior
What is the acronym for remembering the position of the pulmonary artery in
relationship to the bronchus on each lung? - RALS
Right pulmonary a. Anterior to bronchus
Left pulmonary a. Superior to bronchus
What is the origin of the tracheobronchial tree? - Begins at inferior border of cricoid
cartilage
What are the cartilage rings? - 16-20 C-shaped rings
Incomplete posteriorly
Smooth mm. spans the gaps (trachealis)
Abuts esophagus
What is the location of the bronchi? - Pass from trachea to become part of the root of
lung
What is the carina? - Internal ridge demarcating tracheal bifurcation (R and L primary
bronchi)
Bifurcation occurs at level of sternal angle
Sensitive to cough reflex
solution–Expert Verified | Latest Questions 2025
What is the Hilum (location and function)? - Location: depression on medial surface of
lung
Function: entrance and exit for root structures
What is the root (of the lung)? - Collection of structures passing through the Hilum
-Bronchi
-Pulmonary a. and vv.
-Bronchial aa. and vv.
-Anterior and posterior pulmonary plexuses
-Lymphatics
What is the pulmonary ligament? - Ligament extending from the root inferiorly
What is the apex of the lung? - Top of lung, extends above 1st rib
What structures are adjacent to the apex of the lung? - Esophagus and trachea (R)
Left common carotid and left subclavian aa.
What does the base of the lung sit on? - The diaphragm (AKA diaphragmatic surface)
What is the costal surface of the lung? - Large surface adjacent to costal pleura
What is the mediastinal surface of the lung? - Concave medial surface with pulmonary
root and ligament located within
What structures are adjacent to the mediastinal surface of the lung? - Azygos v. and
arch (R) and arch of aorta and thoracic aorta (L)
Which lung has three lobes? - Right lung
What are the lobes of the right lung? - Superior, middle, inferior
What are the gaps between the lobes of lungs called? - Fissures
What are the fissures of the right lung? - Oblique and horizontal
What is the location of the pulmonary a. in relation to the bronchus on the right lung? -
Anterior to it
What is the location of the pulmonary vv. in relation to the bronchus and pulmonary a.
on the right lung? - Inferior and anterior to them
, What relationships are associated with the right lung? - SVC, azygos v. and arch
How many lobes are in the left lung? - 2
What are the lobes of the left lung? - Superior and inferior
What are the fissures of the left lung? - Just oblique
What is the depression in in the left lung where the heart sits called? - Cardiac
impression
What is the anterior margin of the superior lobe of the left lung called when it becomes
concave? - Cardiac notch
What is the tail on the superior lobe that lies just inferior to the cardiac notch called? -
Lingula
What relationships are associated with the left lung? - Heart and apex, arch and
thoracic aorta
What is the location of the pulmonary a. in relation to the bronchus on the left lung? -
Superior to it
What is the location of the pulmonary vv. in relation to the bronchus and pulmonary a.
on the left lung? - Mostly anterior
What is the acronym for remembering the position of the pulmonary artery in
relationship to the bronchus on each lung? - RALS
Right pulmonary a. Anterior to bronchus
Left pulmonary a. Superior to bronchus
What is the origin of the tracheobronchial tree? - Begins at inferior border of cricoid
cartilage
What are the cartilage rings? - 16-20 C-shaped rings
Incomplete posteriorly
Smooth mm. spans the gaps (trachealis)
Abuts esophagus
What is the location of the bronchi? - Pass from trachea to become part of the root of
lung
What is the carina? - Internal ridge demarcating tracheal bifurcation (R and L primary
bronchi)
Bifurcation occurs at level of sternal angle
Sensitive to cough reflex
