NURS 500 Final Exam 1 Questions
with Guaranteed Pass Solutions 2025-
2026 Edition.
Hydrostatic Pressure - Answer -Pushing pressure
-Mechanical force of water pushing against cellular membranes
Oncotic pressure / gradient - Answer - Pulling effect on water, dependent on albumin(colloid)
-Oncotic pressure exerted by proteins in the plasma pull water into the circulatory system
Intracellular fluid (ICF) - Answer -Fluid within cells and comprises approx. 2/3 (40%) total body
water
Extracellular fluid (ECF) - Answer -Fluid outside the cells and comprises approx. 1/3 (20%) total
body water -intravascular fluid (blood/plasma) -transcellular fluids (saliva, sweat, spinal fluid)
Interstital fluid (SF) - Answer -Fluid surrounding cells and spaces between... NOT within the
blood vessels
Fluid balance - Answer -The balance of input and output of fluids in the body, to allow
metabolic processes to function properly
Diffusion - Answer -Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area
of lower concentration.
Concentration gradient - Answer -Difference in the concentration of a substance from one
location to another
Facilitated diffusion / transport - Answer -Passage of certain molecules through the plasma
membrane of the ECF with assistance of carrier proteins
Osmosis - Answer -Molecules of a solvent pass from a solution of low concentration to high
concentration
, Tonicity (osmolality) - Answer -The change in the concentration of solutes in relation to the
amount of water present
Isotonic (isoosmolar) imbalance - Answer -Gain or loss of extracellular fluid (ECF) resulting in a
concentration equivalent to a 0.9% sodium chloride (salt) solution (normal saline)
-•Does not cause fluid shifts or alter body cell size
Hypertonic (hyperosmolar) imbalance - Answer -Imbalance that results in an ECF
concentration >0.9% salt solution; that is, water loss or solute gain
-cells shrink in a hypertonic fluid
Hypotonic solution - Answer -Fewer particles and more water than blood and body fluids,
causing a fluid shift from ECF into ICF
-Treating dehydrated pt.
-0.45% NaCl(aka 'half normal saline')
Isotonic solution - Answer -A solution in which the concentration of solutes is essentially equal
to that of the cell which resides in the solution
-Does not cause fluid shifts or alter body cell size
-0.9% normal saline solution
Hypotonic (hypo-osmolar) imbalance - Answer -Imbalance that results in an ECF <0.9% salt
solution; that is, water gain or solute loss
-cells swell in a hypotonic fluid
Hypertonic solution - Answer -These solutions pull water out of the cell (ICF) and into the
extracellular compartments (ECF) and interstitial spaces
-3.0% NaCl
Edema - Answer -The excessive accumulation of fluid within the interstitial spaces
-Fluid trapped in the body's tissue
Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure - Answer -Results from either venous obstruction
(pushing fluid from the capillaries into the interstitial spaces) or sodium and water retention
with Guaranteed Pass Solutions 2025-
2026 Edition.
Hydrostatic Pressure - Answer -Pushing pressure
-Mechanical force of water pushing against cellular membranes
Oncotic pressure / gradient - Answer - Pulling effect on water, dependent on albumin(colloid)
-Oncotic pressure exerted by proteins in the plasma pull water into the circulatory system
Intracellular fluid (ICF) - Answer -Fluid within cells and comprises approx. 2/3 (40%) total body
water
Extracellular fluid (ECF) - Answer -Fluid outside the cells and comprises approx. 1/3 (20%) total
body water -intravascular fluid (blood/plasma) -transcellular fluids (saliva, sweat, spinal fluid)
Interstital fluid (SF) - Answer -Fluid surrounding cells and spaces between... NOT within the
blood vessels
Fluid balance - Answer -The balance of input and output of fluids in the body, to allow
metabolic processes to function properly
Diffusion - Answer -Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area
of lower concentration.
Concentration gradient - Answer -Difference in the concentration of a substance from one
location to another
Facilitated diffusion / transport - Answer -Passage of certain molecules through the plasma
membrane of the ECF with assistance of carrier proteins
Osmosis - Answer -Molecules of a solvent pass from a solution of low concentration to high
concentration
, Tonicity (osmolality) - Answer -The change in the concentration of solutes in relation to the
amount of water present
Isotonic (isoosmolar) imbalance - Answer -Gain or loss of extracellular fluid (ECF) resulting in a
concentration equivalent to a 0.9% sodium chloride (salt) solution (normal saline)
-•Does not cause fluid shifts or alter body cell size
Hypertonic (hyperosmolar) imbalance - Answer -Imbalance that results in an ECF
concentration >0.9% salt solution; that is, water loss or solute gain
-cells shrink in a hypertonic fluid
Hypotonic solution - Answer -Fewer particles and more water than blood and body fluids,
causing a fluid shift from ECF into ICF
-Treating dehydrated pt.
-0.45% NaCl(aka 'half normal saline')
Isotonic solution - Answer -A solution in which the concentration of solutes is essentially equal
to that of the cell which resides in the solution
-Does not cause fluid shifts or alter body cell size
-0.9% normal saline solution
Hypotonic (hypo-osmolar) imbalance - Answer -Imbalance that results in an ECF <0.9% salt
solution; that is, water gain or solute loss
-cells swell in a hypotonic fluid
Hypertonic solution - Answer -These solutions pull water out of the cell (ICF) and into the
extracellular compartments (ECF) and interstitial spaces
-3.0% NaCl
Edema - Answer -The excessive accumulation of fluid within the interstitial spaces
-Fluid trapped in the body's tissue
Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure - Answer -Results from either venous obstruction
(pushing fluid from the capillaries into the interstitial spaces) or sodium and water retention
