Hemodynamic Monitoring Exam Answered

Hemodynamic Monitoring Exam Answered Levels of hemodynamic monitoring - Answer- Arterial, Central Venous, Pulmonary Artery Pulmonary Artery Catheter - Answer- Allows for monitoring of vascular tone, myocardial contractility, intracardiac pressures, cardiac output, and fluid balance. Arterial line - Answer- Usually placed in radial or femoral arteries, allows continuous BP monitoring and rapid recognition of problems requiring intervention. CVP/RAP - Answer- Central Venous Presssure or Right Atrial Pressure: Measured in the great veins/right atrium, it is a reflection of right atrial pressure. Normal CVP - Answer- Normal is 2-6 mmHg Decreased CVP - Answer- -Hypovolemia, vasodilatation, decreased venous returns, negative pressure ventilation Increased CVP - Answer- -Hypervolemia, right-sided heart failure, cardiac tamponade, positive pressure ventilation, COPD, pulmonary HTN, pulmonary embous, pulmonic stenosis, tricuspid stenosis/regurgitation. RVP - Answer- Right Ventricular Pressure-Not typically monitored, but the wave form is seen with insertion of the PA catheter as the catheter moves through the right ventricle. Increased RVP seen in - Answer- Pulmonary HTN- caused by left heart failure, mitgral regurgitation, stenosis, and cardiomyopathy. Pulmonary disease- COPD and pulmonary embolus. PA Pressure - Answer- Pulmonary Artery Pressures reflect right and left sided heart pressures, LVEDP and LV function. Usually 2-4 mmHg higher than mean PCWP. Increased PA pressures indicate - Answer- Fluid overload, atrial or ventricular defects, pulmonary problems, LV failure, & mitral stenosis/regurgitation. Normal PA systolic pressure - Answer- 15-25 mmHg Normal PA diastolic pressure - Answer- 8-15 mmHG PCWP - Answer- Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure PCWP obtained by - Answer- inflating the catheter balloon until the waveform changes. Inflating the balloon - Answer- Occludes blood flow, eliminating the right side of the heart. PCWP looks at - Answer- the left side of the heart. Normal PCWP - Answer- 8-12 mmHg Elevated PCWP - Answer- Indicates Left Ventricular failure, constrictive pericarditis, mitral stenosis, regurgitation, and fluid overload. Decreased PCWP - Answer- Indicates hypovolemia and venodilating drugs. CO - Answer- Cardiac Output CO formula - Answer- CO=HR x SV CO normal - Answer- 4-8 Liters per minute Cardiac Index normal - Answer- 2.5-4.2 Liters per minute per meters squared Cardiac index - Answer- Cardiac output value that is based on body surface area and is a more accurate, individual measurment of CO.