WGU D440 THOROUGH NUTRITION PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ASWERS (VERIFIED) ALREADY GRADED A+

Dietetics - Answer The use of evidence-based practices in the area of food and nutrition to improve and maintain good health Health vs Wellness - Answer Health - complete well being Wellness - full potential development Essential Nutrients - Answer carbs, protein, fats, minerals, vitamins and water Nonessential Nutrients - Answer amino acids and cholesterol What creates the info on food labels? - Answer RDA and RDI Percentage of calories burned by the thermal effect of food and exercise? - Answer TEF - 10 % Physical Activity - 15%-30% convert kilocalories (kcal) into kilojoules (kJ) - Answer multiply the number of kilocalories by 4.184 Whole grain vs refined whole grain - Answer refined only has 1 or 2 layers; whole has all 3 layers Dextrin - Answer group of carbohydrates broken down in the mouth because of amylase saliva Ptyalin - Answer aka salivary amylase Cellulose - Answer nondigestable dissacharide that adds bulk to the diet saturated fats are usually... - Answer animal products Omega is determined by - Answer where the first double bond is Hydrogenation - Answer moving the double bond to a different side to make it more shelf stable and creating trans fats Phospholipids are triglyceride derivatives in which a phosphate group replaces one fatty acid... Which makes it... - Answer partially hydrophobic and hydrophilic aka amphipathic major phospholipid produced by the liver, key building block of the lipid bilayer - eggs and liver - Answer Lecithin signaling hormones that exert local control over multiple functions in the body - Answer Eiconasoids Plant fats are... - Answer monosaturated and polyunsaturated fats What breaksdown fat - Answer lingual lipase and ebner gland stomach only breaks down butterfat SI releases cholecystokinin when fat is here which triggers the gallbladder to release bile pancreatic lipase to breakdown triglycerides. Micelles - Answer when bile salts surround monoglycerides for absorption - high cholesterol medications get rid of bile salts so that this absorption can't happen Is bile reabsorbed? - Answer yes - by the hepatic portal vein What is the chemical group name for fats? - Answer Glycerides How many essential, nonessential, and conditional amino acids are there? - Answer 9 essential 5 nonessential if you're eating your essentials and conditional on which disease you have that requires these Negative vs Positive nitrogen balance - Answer negative- excreting more nitrogen than eating (very harmful, body can feed on muscles of the body) positive- holding more nitrogen than excreting (growth periods) Blood proteins - Answer Hemoglobin - oxygen carrying and Transferrin - iron transport Complete proteins - Answer are of animal origin and have all essential amino acids (soy is complete even though it's a plant) (gelatin is not complete even though it's of animal origin) Zymogens - Answer stored protein enzymes and proenzymes Digestion of proteins - Answer mouth - mechanical begins in stomach -Hydrochloric acid -HA activates pepsinogen to become pepsid -Rennin - only in children to help digest milk SI - food activates trypsinogen to become trypsin -which then activates chymotrypsin(ogen) and (pro)carboxypeptidas(attacks acid end) -Aminopeptidase: attacks nitrogen end - Dipeptidase: takes all remaining dipeptides to make them single amino acids Nitrogen balance is a measure of overall - Answer protein balance Scurvy - Answer (VitC Deficiency) - breakdown of blood vessel walls with normal blood pressure causing blood in joints and eventually death What vitamins are stored? - Answer All fat soluble ones and water soluble vitamin b6 and b12 Osteoporosis vs Osteomalacia - Answer brittle bones vs soft bones (600IU's DRI) Vitamin E - aka - Answer Tocopherol - in fats, nuts and seeds, need in premature babies - is an antioxidant and protects polyunsaturated fats Vitamin A - aka - Answer retinol - for your eyes Vitamin K - Answer for clotting and bones need bile salts to absorb vitamin k Vitamin C - Answer Ascorbic acid - connective tissues and blood vessels walls - tomatoes, oranges, bell peppers and berries Vitamin b1 - Answer thiamin - provides energy to body - needed a lot in pregnancy - can cause beriberi without Vitamin b2 - Answer riboflavin - helps with rapidly dividing cells ( Deficiency Symptoms include cracked lips and mouth corners; a swollen, red tongue; burning, itching, or tearing eyes caused by extra blood vessels in the cornea.) Vitamin b3 - Answer niacin - the 4 d's nad to nadp pellagra disease protein and energy metabolism UL is 35 and can be toxic when treating hypercholesterolemia Vitamin b 6 - Answer Pyridoxine - stored in muscle - required for the red in hemoglobin - nerve damage if too much Folate - Answer too much can hide a vitaminb12 deficiency Vitamin b12 - Answer Cobalamin - RBC formation - in animal products Pantothetic acid - Answer not much overdose or underdone - but is essential for life and is also called CoenzymeA Biotin (Vit B7) - Answer Coenzyme - helps with CO2 - needed for a lot of metabolic needs Choline - Answer structural integrity of cell membranes, lipid transportation, movement and memory Deficiency = fatty liver disease Phytochemicals - Answer Chemicals in plant-based foods that are not nutrients but that have effects on the body - give plants their color Which vitamins are found in red/purple plants and then yellow/green plants? - Answer Anthocyanin = red/purple Zea = yellow/green Major vs Trace minerals - Answer 7 - major (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur, potassium, sodium and chloride) 18 - trace Which protein comes from an animal source? Soy Tofu Milk Pine nuts - Answer Milk Which protein is a vital oxygen carrier in the red blood cells? Albumin Peptide hormones Hemoglobin Transferrin - Answer Hemoglobin Which term refers to the five amino acids that the body can synthesize if the necessary building blocks and enzymes are available versus other amino acids? - Answer Dispensable Which group has the highest risk for malnutrition? - Answer Children Which plant source of protein is the only complete protein that contains all of the indispensable amino acids? Soy Egg Nuts Gelatin - Answer Soy In which location does the initial breakdown of protein into amino acids begin? - Answer Mouth Where are amino acids absorbed? - Answer Portal circulation Which vegetarian diet restricts the consumption of any item originating from or containing animal products? - Answer Vegan What statement made by the nurse demonstrates understanding of the role of rennin in the absorption of protein? - Answer "Rennin and calcium prevent rapid absorption of milk in an infant." Which enzyme that is involved in the digestion of protein is responsible for attacking acid in the small intestine? - Answer Carboxypeptidase Which chemical is responsible for unfolding and denaturing complex protein chains? - Answer Hydrochloric acid Which combination of foods will the nurse recommend to a vegan patient for a healthy protein balance? - Answer Grains and legumes A nurse is planning a high-protein meal for a lacto-vegetarian patient. What selection is most appropriate for this patient? - Answer Yogurt Dehydration definition - Answer when you've lost 1-2% of your body weight in water More water intracellular or extracellular - Answer intracellular Osmosis Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Pinocytosis Active Transport - Answer low to high high to low high to low with transport channel vacuole against gradient with transport channel and energy...