GUIDE 2025/2026 QUESTIONS BANK AND
VERIFIED CORRECT SOLUTIONS WITH
RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS
<RECENT VERSION>
1. What is the formula for calculating cardiac output? - ANSWER ✓ CO= HR
x SV
2. What is stroke volume related to? - ANSWER ✓ preload
3. Preload is most impacted by..... - ANSWER ✓ Increased filling volumes
4. A patient with chronic untreated hypertension would demonstrate.... -
ANSWER ✓ Increased afterload
5. Vascular resistance/pressure is most influenced by.... - ANSWER ✓ Radius
of the vessel
6. The formula for BP is.... - ANSWER ✓ BP = CO x SVR
7. What component of a Pulmonary Capillary Wedge pressure indicates Mitral
insufficiency - ANSWER ✓ V wave
8. An elevated RVEDP is found in which pathology - ANSWER ✓ RV infarct
9. If the RA waveform is 2x the normal value, where would this be
demonstrated in the physical assessment - ANSWER ✓ JVD
10.What is the most common cause of Pulmonic stenosis - ANSWER ✓
Congenital
,11.The Blue proximal part of the swan is located how far from the distal tip of
the swan - ANSWER ✓ 30 cm
12.When performing a thermodilution cardiac output, the operator injects 10 cc
of saline into the _____ and the temperature change is measured in the
______ - ANSWER ✓ RA, PA
13.Equalization of RVEDP and LVEDP are found in - ANSWER ✓ restrictive
pericarditis
14.Signs of Right sided heart failure include - ANSWER ✓ JVD
15.Based on these oxygen saturations, what type of shunt is present? SVC sat=
67% IVC sat= 71% RA sat= 85% RV sat= 85% PA sat= 85% LA sat= 98%
LV sat= 98% AO sat= 98% - ANSWER ✓ L to R ASD
16.What type of ASD, located in the middle 1/3 of the atrial septum (the former
site of the fossa ovalis) is called - ANSWER ✓ Ostium Secundum
17.What is the Flamm's equation - ANSWER ✓ 3(SVC) + 1(IVC)/4
18.The formula used to calculate MAP is - ANSWER ✓ 1 (systolic) + 2
(diastolic)/3
19.A common complication of a Rotoblador is - ANSWER ✓ Distal
embolization
1. When intervening in the mid/distal right leg from a radial approach, which is
the best wire choice? - ANSWER ✓ .035 x 260
2. Which of the following BEST describes a balloon's ability to yield to
changes in pressure? - ANSWER ✓ Compliance
3. What is the PRIMARY therapeutic reason for using rotational atherectomy
as an adjunctive therapy for PCI? - ANSWER ✓ To remove calcific
atherosclerotic plaque
,4. A Forgarty balloon is commonly used ______ - ANSWER ✓ for removing
clot from vein/artery
5. Select the methods used to treat flow limiting dissections - ANSWER ✓
stent, covered stent, angioplasty
6. When using a rotational atherectomy device in the RCA, what else should
you consider using? - ANSWER ✓ Temporary pacing, catheter with side
holes, (larger bur or vasodilators)
7. What information is required prior to prepping the patient for the procedure?
- ANSWER ✓ patient identifiers, allergies, NPO status, advanced directives
8. Which of the following inotropic agents predominately stimulates beta 1
receptors? - ANSWER ✓ Dopamine
9. What is the desired hemodynamic effect of an intra-aortic balloon
counterpulsation? - ANSWER ✓ Increased coronary bloodflow
10.What view exposes an operator standing on the patient's right side to the
highest dose of radiation? - ANSWER ✓ LAO Cranial
11.Which actions should be completed when prepping the patient for a
transradial cardiac catheterization? - ANSWER ✓ Allan's test, pre-sedation,
local anesthetic, ultrasound, draping
, 21.What determines the number of electrons generated by an x-ray tube? -
ANSWER ✓ Kilovoltage
22.What medication is cardiac glycoside? - ANSWER ✓ Digoxin (Lanoxin)
23.What type of arterial puncture is associated with an increased risk of
retroperitoneal bleed? - ANSWER ✓ High common femoral
24.What are the contraindications for rotational atherectomy? - ANSWER ✓
Existing dissection, saphenous vein graft lesion, angiographic evidence of
thrombus
25.What type of balloon catheter should be used to treat fibrotic plaque and
neo-intimal hyperplasia? - ANSWER ✓ Scoring
26.What devices are used to treat flow limiting dissections? - ANSWER ✓
Stent, angioplasty
27.Peg hydrogel plug closure device - ANSWER ✓ Mynx
28.Suture mediated closure device - ANSWER ✓ Perclose
29.Collagen and suture mediated closure device - ANSWER ✓ Angioseal
30.What initial sign of retroperitoneal bleed may a patient exhibit? - ANSWER
✓ Hypotension, lower back pain, a falling hematocrit
31.What condition is associated with an elevated pulse pressure? - ANSWER ✓
Aortic insufficiency
32.What should be done to manage the rapid loss of balloon pressure during
inflation? - ANSWER ✓ Inject the coronary before removing balloon
33.What type of imaging is most commonly used during PFO closures? -
ANSWER ✓ ICE (intra-cardiac echo)
34.What is an advantage to using a filter versus a balloon occlusion distal
protection device? - ANSWER ✓ allows distal perfusion