Medische kennis colleges
Hbo-V | Jaar 1 | Hanze Hogeschool | 2024-2025 | Semester 1
Week 1; 2 sep – College B .......................................................................................... 9
Introductie ............................................................................................................. 9
Anatomische houding ......................................................................................... 9
Lichaamsvlakken ................................................................................................ 9
Plaatsaanduidingen ............................................................................................ 9
Richting aanduidingen ........................................................................................ 9
Lichaamsregio’s ............................................................................................... 10
Structuren in het lichaam .................................................................................. 10
Week 2; 16 sep – College A ...................................................................................... 11
Orgaanstelsels & samenwerking ........................................................................... 11
Het medisch consult ............................................................................................ 11
Orgaanstelsels ................................................................................................. 11
Beeldvormende onderzoek................................................................................ 12
Functieonderzoek ............................................................................................. 12
Doel ................................................................................................................. 12
De vegetatieve functies ..................................................................................... 12
Week 2; 17 sep – College B ...................................................................................... 14
Homeostase, pathofysiologie en ontsteking .......................................................... 14
Epidemiologie ...................................................................................................... 14
Ziekten ................................................................................................................ 14
Ziekteoorzaken ................................................................................................. 15
Afweersysteem ................................................................................................. 15
Ontstekingsreactie (inflammatie) ...................................................................... 15
Lokale kenmerken ........................................................................................ 15
Algemene kenmerken ................................................................................... 15
Week 3; 23 sep – College A ...................................................................................... 16
Circulatiestelsel .................................................................................................. 16
De lagen van het hart ........................................................................................ 16
Anatomie ......................................................................................................... 16
, Hartcyclus ........................................................................................................ 17
Prikkelgeleiding ................................................................................................ 17
ECG ................................................................................................................. 17
Bloedvaten ....................................................................................................... 17
Functies ....................................................................................................... 17
Diameter, doorsnede, bloeddruk en stroomsnelheid ...................................... 18
Bloed................................................................................................................... 18
Week 3; 24 sep - College B ....................................................................................... 19
Cardiovasculaire risicofactoren: ........................................................................... 19
Pathofysiologie .................................................................................................... 19
Klinische ziektebeelden........................................................................................ 19
Locaties ........................................................................................................... 19
Onderzoek ........................................................................................................... 20
Behandeling ........................................................................................................ 20
Ziektes ................................................................................................................ 21
(Stabiele) Angina pectoris ................................................................................. 21
Instabiele AP of acuut myocardinfarct ............................................................... 21
Week 4; 30 sep – College A ...................................................................................... 22
Bloeddruk ............................................................................................................ 22
Factoren die de bloeddruk beïnvloeden ............................................................. 22
Drukverloop in het lichaam ............................................................................... 22
Rol van de nieren ................................................................................................. 22
Wanneer bloeddruk meten ................................................................................... 23
Bloeddrukregulatie/ Tensie regulatie ..................................................................... 23
Week 4; 1 okt – College B ......................................................................................... 25
Hypertensie ......................................................................................................... 25
Perifeer arterieel vaatlijden ................................................................................... 25
Chronische veneuze insufficiëntie (CVI) ................................................................ 26
Verschil arterieel en veneus ulcus......................................................................... 26
Week 5; 7 okt – College A ......................................................................................... 27
Anatomie ademhalingsstelsel .............................................................................. 27
Relatie met andere organen .............................................................................. 27
, Pleura .............................................................................................................. 27
Pharynx ............................................................................................................ 27
Larynx .............................................................................................................. 27
Trachea ............................................................................................................ 27
Bronchiën en longkwabben ............................................................................... 28
Alveoli .............................................................................................................. 28
In de longblaasjes ......................................................................................... 29
Hemoglobine .................................................................................................... 29
Ademhaling (ventilatie) ..................................................................................... 29
Regulatie van de ademhaling ............................................................................. 29
Regulatie zuurgraad .......................................................................................... 30
Longfunctieonderzoek ...................................................................................... 30
Week 5; 8 okt – College B ......................................................................................... 31
Bovenste luchtweginfectie ................................................................................ 31
COPD .................................................................................................................. 31
Emfyseem ........................................................................................................ 32
Bronchitis ......................................................................................................... 32
COPD-fysiologie samengevat ............................................................................ 32
Symptomen COPD ............................................................................................ 32
COPD onderzoek .............................................................................................. 33
Beleid COPD .................................................................................................... 33
Astma.................................................................................................................. 34
Symptomen astma ........................................................................................... 34
Beleid astma .................................................................................................... 34
Pneumonie ....................................................................................................... 35
Week 6; 18 nov – College A ...................................................................................... 36
Anatomie nieren en urinewegen ............................................................................ 36
Nefron .............................................................................................................. 36
Lichaampje van Malphigi ................................................................................... 37
Filtratiedruk ...................................................................................................... 37
Doorbloeding en filtratie ....................................................................................... 37
Reabsorptie en secretie........................................................................................ 37
, Water- en zouthuishouding................................................................................... 37
ADH en osmoregultaie ......................................................................................... 38
Urine ................................................................................................................... 38
Functies van de nier ............................................................................................. 38
Nierfunctie ....................................................................................................... 38
Zuurgraad ............................................................................................................ 39
EPO ..................................................................................................................... 39
Vitamine D ........................................................................................................... 39
Urinewegen en blaas ............................................................................................ 39
Mictie en diurese.................................................................................................. 39
Week 6; 19 nov – College B ...................................................................................... 40
Incontinentie ....................................................................................................... 40
Stressincontinentie........................................................................................... 40
Urge-incontinentie ............................................................................................ 40
Overloopincontinentie ...................................................................................... 40
Overige vormen ................................................................................................ 40
Ongecompliceerde cystitis ................................................................................... 40
Diagnostiek ...................................................................................................... 40
Risicogroepen .................................................................................................. 41
Gecompliceerde cystitis....................................................................................... 41
Nierstenen........................................................................................................... 41
Urineretentie ....................................................................................................... 41
Week 7; 25 nov – College A ...................................................................................... 43
Voedingsstoffen ................................................................................................... 43
Het spijsverteringstelsel ....................................................................................... 43
Mond ............................................................................................................... 43
Speekselklieren ............................................................................................ 43
Keelholte .......................................................................................................... 44
Slokdarm.......................................................................................................... 44
Maag ................................................................................................................ 44
Maaglediging ................................................................................................ 44
Twaalfvingerige darm ........................................................................................ 45
, Alvleesklier ....................................................................................................... 45
Lever en gal ...................................................................................................... 45
Leverfuncties................................................................................................ 45
Dunne darm ..................................................................................................... 46
Opbouw van de darmen ................................................................................ 46
Dikke darm ....................................................................................................... 46
Waterhuishouding/vochtbalans ............................................................................ 47
Lichaamsvliezen .................................................................................................. 47
Darmflora ............................................................................................................ 47
Week 7; 26 nov – College B ...................................................................................... 48
Kenmerken obstipatie en acute diarree ................................................................. 48
Obstipatie ........................................................................................................ 48
Acute diarree .................................................................................................... 48
Stoma ................................................................................................................. 48
Ziektebeelden ...................................................................................................... 49
Gastro-oesofageale reflux ................................................................................. 49
Ulcus pepticum ................................................................................................ 49
Chronische darmziekten ................................................................................... 49
Antibioticagebruik............................................................................................. 50
Cholelithiasis ................................................................................................... 50
Week 8; 2 dec – college A ......................................................................................... 51
Voeding ............................................................................................................... 51
Voedingsstoffen ................................................................................................... 51
Indeling voedingsstoffen ................................................................................... 51
Vertering voedingsstoffen.................................................................................. 51
Koolhydraten ....................................................................................................... 52
Lipiden ................................................................................................................ 53
Triglyceriden ..................................................................................................... 54
Steroïden ......................................................................................................... 54
Proteïnen ............................................................................................................. 54
Energiebalans ...................................................................................................... 54
BMI ..................................................................................................................... 54
, Vitamines ............................................................................................................ 55
Mineralen ............................................................................................................ 55
Week 8; 3 dec – College B ........................................................................................ 56
Balans ................................................................................................................. 56
Ondervoeding ...................................................................................................... 56
Opsporen van ondervoeding.............................................................................. 56
Risicogroepen .................................................................................................. 57
Diagnostiek ...................................................................................................... 57
Acute ondervoeding .......................................................................................... 58
Chronische ondervoeding ................................................................................. 58
Refeedingsyndroom .......................................................................................... 59
TPV (totale parenterale voeding) ........................................................................... 59
Overgewicht ........................................................................................................ 60
Ontstaanswijze van obesitas ............................................................................. 60
Regulatie van de voeding ................................................................................... 60
Metabool syndroom .......................................................................................... 60
Week 9; 9 dec – College A ........................................................................................ 62
Regulatie ............................................................................................................. 62
Het zenuwstelsel ................................................................................................. 62
Een zenuwcel ................................................................................................... 62
De synaps ........................................................................................................ 62
Zenuwstelsel ....................................................................................................... 63
Het vegetatieve zenuwstelsel ............................................................................... 63
Sympathische zenuwstelsel .............................................................................. 63
Acute stressreactie ....................................................................................... 63
Parasympatische zenuwstelsel ......................................................................... 64
NERVUS VAGUS ........................................................................................... 64
Neurotransmitters ............................................................................................ 64
Week 9; 10 dec – College B ...................................................................................... 65
Wegrakingen (bewusteloosheid) ........................................................................... 65
Syncope .............................................................................................................. 65
Reflex syncope .................................................................................................... 65
, Vasovagale syncope ......................................................................................... 65
Mechanisme ................................................................................................ 66
Tensieregulatie tijdens vasovagale syncope ................................................... 66
Cardiale syncope ................................................................................................. 66
Orthostatische hypotensie ................................................................................... 66
Medicatie ............................................................................................................ 67
Medicatie vegetatief zenuwstelsel ..................................................................... 67
Bijwerkingen ..................................................................................................... 67
Week 10; 16 dec – College A .................................................................................... 69
Hormoon ............................................................................................................. 69
Hormoonklieren ................................................................................................... 69
Hypothalamus-hypofysesysteem ...................................................................... 69
Hypofyseachterkwab .................................................................................... 69
Hypofysevoorkwab ....................................................................................... 69
Schildklier .................................................................................................... 70
Bijnieren ....................................................................................................... 71
Geslachtsklieren .......................................................................................... 71
Pijnappelklier ............................................................................................... 71
Weefselhormonen ............................................................................................ 71
Week 10; 17 dec – College B .................................................................................... 72
Schildklieraandoeningen ...................................................................................... 72
Hypothyreoïdie ................................................................................................. 72
Hyperthyreoïdie ................................................................................................ 72
Diagnostiek ...................................................................................................... 73
Bijnier .................................................................................................................. 73
Bijnierschorsinsufficiëntie ................................................................................. 73
Bijniercrisis .......................................................................................................... 74
Hypercortisolisme ............................................................................................... 74
Week 11; 6 jan – College A ....................................................................................... 76
Energie ................................................................................................................ 76
Koolhydraten .................................................................................................... 76
Pancreas ...................................................................................................... 76
, Bloedsuikerspiegel............................................................................................... 76
Glucoseregulatie .............................................................................................. 76
Te weinig glucose.......................................................................................... 77
Week 11; 7 jan - College B ........................................................................................ 78
Diabetes mellitus ................................................................................................. 78
Diabetes mellitus type-1 ................................................................................... 78
Symptomen .................................................................................................. 78
Eerste presentatie ........................................................................................ 78
Behandeling ................................................................................................. 78
Diabetes mellitus type-2 ................................................................................... 79
Symptomen .................................................................................................. 79
Behandeling ................................................................................................. 79
Diagnostiek diabetes mellitus type-1 of type-2 ................................................... 79
HbA1c ............................................................................................................... 79
Hypoglycemie................................................................................................... 79
Hyperglycemie.................................................................................................. 80
Infecties en diabetes ......................................................................................... 80
Corticosteroïdgebruik ....................................................................................... 80
,Week 1; 2 sep – College B
Introductie
Anatomie = bouw
Fysiologie = functie
Functionele anatomie = bouw en functie samen
Anatomische houding
- Rechtop staand
- Gezicht naar voren
- Ogen open
- Armen langs het lichaam met handpalmen naar voren
- Voeten iets uit elkaar
Lichaamsvlakken
Transversale vlak = boven en onder
Frontale vlak = voor en achter
Sagittale vlak = links en rechts
Plaatsaanduidingen
Superior/ Craniaal = omhoog
Inferior/ Caudaal = omlaag
Ventraal/ Anterior = naar buik
Dorsaal/ Posterior = naar rug
Lateraal = naar buiten
Mediaal = naar binnen
Ledematen; Proximaal = naar boven
Distaal = naar beneden
Dexter = Rechts
Sinister = Links
Vanuit het lichaam gezien
Richting aanduidingen
Flexie = buiging van gewrichten
Extensie = strekken van gewrichten
Exorotatie = naar buiten draaien
Endorotatie = naar binnen draaien
Abductie = been/arm naar buiten bewegen
Adductie = been/arm naar binnen bewegen
, Lichaamsregio’s
Tussen de collum en thorax zit de schoudergordel,
daarin hangen de armen. In de bekken hangen de benen.
De ledematen zijn onderverdeeld in de bovenste
extremiteiten (schoudergordel, armen en handen) en de
onderste extremiteiten (bekkengordel, benen en
voeten).
Structuren in het lichaam
n. ® nervus = zenuw
a. ® arterie = slagader
v. ® vene = ader
m. ® musculus = spier
Hbo-V | Jaar 1 | Hanze Hogeschool | 2024-2025 | Semester 1
Week 1; 2 sep – College B .......................................................................................... 9
Introductie ............................................................................................................. 9
Anatomische houding ......................................................................................... 9
Lichaamsvlakken ................................................................................................ 9
Plaatsaanduidingen ............................................................................................ 9
Richting aanduidingen ........................................................................................ 9
Lichaamsregio’s ............................................................................................... 10
Structuren in het lichaam .................................................................................. 10
Week 2; 16 sep – College A ...................................................................................... 11
Orgaanstelsels & samenwerking ........................................................................... 11
Het medisch consult ............................................................................................ 11
Orgaanstelsels ................................................................................................. 11
Beeldvormende onderzoek................................................................................ 12
Functieonderzoek ............................................................................................. 12
Doel ................................................................................................................. 12
De vegetatieve functies ..................................................................................... 12
Week 2; 17 sep – College B ...................................................................................... 14
Homeostase, pathofysiologie en ontsteking .......................................................... 14
Epidemiologie ...................................................................................................... 14
Ziekten ................................................................................................................ 14
Ziekteoorzaken ................................................................................................. 15
Afweersysteem ................................................................................................. 15
Ontstekingsreactie (inflammatie) ...................................................................... 15
Lokale kenmerken ........................................................................................ 15
Algemene kenmerken ................................................................................... 15
Week 3; 23 sep – College A ...................................................................................... 16
Circulatiestelsel .................................................................................................. 16
De lagen van het hart ........................................................................................ 16
Anatomie ......................................................................................................... 16
, Hartcyclus ........................................................................................................ 17
Prikkelgeleiding ................................................................................................ 17
ECG ................................................................................................................. 17
Bloedvaten ....................................................................................................... 17
Functies ....................................................................................................... 17
Diameter, doorsnede, bloeddruk en stroomsnelheid ...................................... 18
Bloed................................................................................................................... 18
Week 3; 24 sep - College B ....................................................................................... 19
Cardiovasculaire risicofactoren: ........................................................................... 19
Pathofysiologie .................................................................................................... 19
Klinische ziektebeelden........................................................................................ 19
Locaties ........................................................................................................... 19
Onderzoek ........................................................................................................... 20
Behandeling ........................................................................................................ 20
Ziektes ................................................................................................................ 21
(Stabiele) Angina pectoris ................................................................................. 21
Instabiele AP of acuut myocardinfarct ............................................................... 21
Week 4; 30 sep – College A ...................................................................................... 22
Bloeddruk ............................................................................................................ 22
Factoren die de bloeddruk beïnvloeden ............................................................. 22
Drukverloop in het lichaam ............................................................................... 22
Rol van de nieren ................................................................................................. 22
Wanneer bloeddruk meten ................................................................................... 23
Bloeddrukregulatie/ Tensie regulatie ..................................................................... 23
Week 4; 1 okt – College B ......................................................................................... 25
Hypertensie ......................................................................................................... 25
Perifeer arterieel vaatlijden ................................................................................... 25
Chronische veneuze insufficiëntie (CVI) ................................................................ 26
Verschil arterieel en veneus ulcus......................................................................... 26
Week 5; 7 okt – College A ......................................................................................... 27
Anatomie ademhalingsstelsel .............................................................................. 27
Relatie met andere organen .............................................................................. 27
, Pleura .............................................................................................................. 27
Pharynx ............................................................................................................ 27
Larynx .............................................................................................................. 27
Trachea ............................................................................................................ 27
Bronchiën en longkwabben ............................................................................... 28
Alveoli .............................................................................................................. 28
In de longblaasjes ......................................................................................... 29
Hemoglobine .................................................................................................... 29
Ademhaling (ventilatie) ..................................................................................... 29
Regulatie van de ademhaling ............................................................................. 29
Regulatie zuurgraad .......................................................................................... 30
Longfunctieonderzoek ...................................................................................... 30
Week 5; 8 okt – College B ......................................................................................... 31
Bovenste luchtweginfectie ................................................................................ 31
COPD .................................................................................................................. 31
Emfyseem ........................................................................................................ 32
Bronchitis ......................................................................................................... 32
COPD-fysiologie samengevat ............................................................................ 32
Symptomen COPD ............................................................................................ 32
COPD onderzoek .............................................................................................. 33
Beleid COPD .................................................................................................... 33
Astma.................................................................................................................. 34
Symptomen astma ........................................................................................... 34
Beleid astma .................................................................................................... 34
Pneumonie ....................................................................................................... 35
Week 6; 18 nov – College A ...................................................................................... 36
Anatomie nieren en urinewegen ............................................................................ 36
Nefron .............................................................................................................. 36
Lichaampje van Malphigi ................................................................................... 37
Filtratiedruk ...................................................................................................... 37
Doorbloeding en filtratie ....................................................................................... 37
Reabsorptie en secretie........................................................................................ 37
, Water- en zouthuishouding................................................................................... 37
ADH en osmoregultaie ......................................................................................... 38
Urine ................................................................................................................... 38
Functies van de nier ............................................................................................. 38
Nierfunctie ....................................................................................................... 38
Zuurgraad ............................................................................................................ 39
EPO ..................................................................................................................... 39
Vitamine D ........................................................................................................... 39
Urinewegen en blaas ............................................................................................ 39
Mictie en diurese.................................................................................................. 39
Week 6; 19 nov – College B ...................................................................................... 40
Incontinentie ....................................................................................................... 40
Stressincontinentie........................................................................................... 40
Urge-incontinentie ............................................................................................ 40
Overloopincontinentie ...................................................................................... 40
Overige vormen ................................................................................................ 40
Ongecompliceerde cystitis ................................................................................... 40
Diagnostiek ...................................................................................................... 40
Risicogroepen .................................................................................................. 41
Gecompliceerde cystitis....................................................................................... 41
Nierstenen........................................................................................................... 41
Urineretentie ....................................................................................................... 41
Week 7; 25 nov – College A ...................................................................................... 43
Voedingsstoffen ................................................................................................... 43
Het spijsverteringstelsel ....................................................................................... 43
Mond ............................................................................................................... 43
Speekselklieren ............................................................................................ 43
Keelholte .......................................................................................................... 44
Slokdarm.......................................................................................................... 44
Maag ................................................................................................................ 44
Maaglediging ................................................................................................ 44
Twaalfvingerige darm ........................................................................................ 45
, Alvleesklier ....................................................................................................... 45
Lever en gal ...................................................................................................... 45
Leverfuncties................................................................................................ 45
Dunne darm ..................................................................................................... 46
Opbouw van de darmen ................................................................................ 46
Dikke darm ....................................................................................................... 46
Waterhuishouding/vochtbalans ............................................................................ 47
Lichaamsvliezen .................................................................................................. 47
Darmflora ............................................................................................................ 47
Week 7; 26 nov – College B ...................................................................................... 48
Kenmerken obstipatie en acute diarree ................................................................. 48
Obstipatie ........................................................................................................ 48
Acute diarree .................................................................................................... 48
Stoma ................................................................................................................. 48
Ziektebeelden ...................................................................................................... 49
Gastro-oesofageale reflux ................................................................................. 49
Ulcus pepticum ................................................................................................ 49
Chronische darmziekten ................................................................................... 49
Antibioticagebruik............................................................................................. 50
Cholelithiasis ................................................................................................... 50
Week 8; 2 dec – college A ......................................................................................... 51
Voeding ............................................................................................................... 51
Voedingsstoffen ................................................................................................... 51
Indeling voedingsstoffen ................................................................................... 51
Vertering voedingsstoffen.................................................................................. 51
Koolhydraten ....................................................................................................... 52
Lipiden ................................................................................................................ 53
Triglyceriden ..................................................................................................... 54
Steroïden ......................................................................................................... 54
Proteïnen ............................................................................................................. 54
Energiebalans ...................................................................................................... 54
BMI ..................................................................................................................... 54
, Vitamines ............................................................................................................ 55
Mineralen ............................................................................................................ 55
Week 8; 3 dec – College B ........................................................................................ 56
Balans ................................................................................................................. 56
Ondervoeding ...................................................................................................... 56
Opsporen van ondervoeding.............................................................................. 56
Risicogroepen .................................................................................................. 57
Diagnostiek ...................................................................................................... 57
Acute ondervoeding .......................................................................................... 58
Chronische ondervoeding ................................................................................. 58
Refeedingsyndroom .......................................................................................... 59
TPV (totale parenterale voeding) ........................................................................... 59
Overgewicht ........................................................................................................ 60
Ontstaanswijze van obesitas ............................................................................. 60
Regulatie van de voeding ................................................................................... 60
Metabool syndroom .......................................................................................... 60
Week 9; 9 dec – College A ........................................................................................ 62
Regulatie ............................................................................................................. 62
Het zenuwstelsel ................................................................................................. 62
Een zenuwcel ................................................................................................... 62
De synaps ........................................................................................................ 62
Zenuwstelsel ....................................................................................................... 63
Het vegetatieve zenuwstelsel ............................................................................... 63
Sympathische zenuwstelsel .............................................................................. 63
Acute stressreactie ....................................................................................... 63
Parasympatische zenuwstelsel ......................................................................... 64
NERVUS VAGUS ........................................................................................... 64
Neurotransmitters ............................................................................................ 64
Week 9; 10 dec – College B ...................................................................................... 65
Wegrakingen (bewusteloosheid) ........................................................................... 65
Syncope .............................................................................................................. 65
Reflex syncope .................................................................................................... 65
, Vasovagale syncope ......................................................................................... 65
Mechanisme ................................................................................................ 66
Tensieregulatie tijdens vasovagale syncope ................................................... 66
Cardiale syncope ................................................................................................. 66
Orthostatische hypotensie ................................................................................... 66
Medicatie ............................................................................................................ 67
Medicatie vegetatief zenuwstelsel ..................................................................... 67
Bijwerkingen ..................................................................................................... 67
Week 10; 16 dec – College A .................................................................................... 69
Hormoon ............................................................................................................. 69
Hormoonklieren ................................................................................................... 69
Hypothalamus-hypofysesysteem ...................................................................... 69
Hypofyseachterkwab .................................................................................... 69
Hypofysevoorkwab ....................................................................................... 69
Schildklier .................................................................................................... 70
Bijnieren ....................................................................................................... 71
Geslachtsklieren .......................................................................................... 71
Pijnappelklier ............................................................................................... 71
Weefselhormonen ............................................................................................ 71
Week 10; 17 dec – College B .................................................................................... 72
Schildklieraandoeningen ...................................................................................... 72
Hypothyreoïdie ................................................................................................. 72
Hyperthyreoïdie ................................................................................................ 72
Diagnostiek ...................................................................................................... 73
Bijnier .................................................................................................................. 73
Bijnierschorsinsufficiëntie ................................................................................. 73
Bijniercrisis .......................................................................................................... 74
Hypercortisolisme ............................................................................................... 74
Week 11; 6 jan – College A ....................................................................................... 76
Energie ................................................................................................................ 76
Koolhydraten .................................................................................................... 76
Pancreas ...................................................................................................... 76
, Bloedsuikerspiegel............................................................................................... 76
Glucoseregulatie .............................................................................................. 76
Te weinig glucose.......................................................................................... 77
Week 11; 7 jan - College B ........................................................................................ 78
Diabetes mellitus ................................................................................................. 78
Diabetes mellitus type-1 ................................................................................... 78
Symptomen .................................................................................................. 78
Eerste presentatie ........................................................................................ 78
Behandeling ................................................................................................. 78
Diabetes mellitus type-2 ................................................................................... 79
Symptomen .................................................................................................. 79
Behandeling ................................................................................................. 79
Diagnostiek diabetes mellitus type-1 of type-2 ................................................... 79
HbA1c ............................................................................................................... 79
Hypoglycemie................................................................................................... 79
Hyperglycemie.................................................................................................. 80
Infecties en diabetes ......................................................................................... 80
Corticosteroïdgebruik ....................................................................................... 80
,Week 1; 2 sep – College B
Introductie
Anatomie = bouw
Fysiologie = functie
Functionele anatomie = bouw en functie samen
Anatomische houding
- Rechtop staand
- Gezicht naar voren
- Ogen open
- Armen langs het lichaam met handpalmen naar voren
- Voeten iets uit elkaar
Lichaamsvlakken
Transversale vlak = boven en onder
Frontale vlak = voor en achter
Sagittale vlak = links en rechts
Plaatsaanduidingen
Superior/ Craniaal = omhoog
Inferior/ Caudaal = omlaag
Ventraal/ Anterior = naar buik
Dorsaal/ Posterior = naar rug
Lateraal = naar buiten
Mediaal = naar binnen
Ledematen; Proximaal = naar boven
Distaal = naar beneden
Dexter = Rechts
Sinister = Links
Vanuit het lichaam gezien
Richting aanduidingen
Flexie = buiging van gewrichten
Extensie = strekken van gewrichten
Exorotatie = naar buiten draaien
Endorotatie = naar binnen draaien
Abductie = been/arm naar buiten bewegen
Adductie = been/arm naar binnen bewegen
, Lichaamsregio’s
Tussen de collum en thorax zit de schoudergordel,
daarin hangen de armen. In de bekken hangen de benen.
De ledematen zijn onderverdeeld in de bovenste
extremiteiten (schoudergordel, armen en handen) en de
onderste extremiteiten (bekkengordel, benen en
voeten).
Structuren in het lichaam
n. ® nervus = zenuw
a. ® arterie = slagader
v. ® vene = ader
m. ® musculus = spier
