Final Exam Questions and Answers
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1. Accommodation ANS>> : A style of dealing with conflict involving cooperation on behalf of the
other party but not being assertive about one's own interests
2. Accountability ANS>>: The expectation that employees will perform a job, take corrective action
when necessary, and report upward on the status and quality of their performance
3. Accounting audits ANS>>: Procedures used to verify accounting reports and statements
4. Acquisition ANS>>: One ANS>> firm buying another
5. Activity-based costing (ABC) ANS>>: A method of cost accounting designed to identify
streams of activity
and then to allocate costs across particular business processes according to the amount of time
employees devote to particular activities
6. Adapters ANS>>: Companies that take the current industry structure and its evolution as givens
and choose where to
compete
7. Adverse impact ANS>>: When a seemingly neutral employment practice has a
,disproportionately negative ettect on a protected group
8. Advertising support model ANS>>: Charging fees to advertise on a site
9. Affective conflict ANS>>: Emotional disagreement directed toward other people
10. Affiliate model ANS>>: Charging fees to direct site visitors to other companies' sites
11. Affirmative action: ANS>> Special ettorts to recruit and hire qualified members of group
that have been
discriminated against in the past
12. After-action review: ANS>> A frank and open-minded discussion of four basic
questions aimed at continuous improvement
13. Alderfer's ERG theory: ANS>> A human needs theory postulating that people have
three basic sets of needs that can operate simultaneously (Existence, Relatedness and Growth)
14. Arbitration: ANS>> The use of a neutral third party to resolve a labor dispute
15. Assessment center: ANS>> A managerial performance test in which candidates participa
in a variety of exer-
cises and situations
16. Assets: ANS>> The values of the various items the corporation owns
17. Authentic leadership: ANS>> A style in which the leader is true to himself or herself
while leading
18. Authority: ANS>> The legitimate right to make decisions and to tell other people what to
do
19. Autocratic leadership: ANS>> A form of leadership in which the leader makes decision
, on his or her own and
then announces those decisions to the group
20. Autonomous work groups: ANS>> Groups that control decisions about and execution
of a complete range of tasks
, 21. Avoidance: ANS>> A reaction to conflict that involves ignoring the problem by doing
nothing at all or deemphasizing the disagreement
22. Balanced scorecard: ANS>> Control system combining four sets of performance
measures: financial, customer, business process, and learning and growth
23. Balance sheet: ANS>> A report that shows the financial picture of a company at a given
time and itemizes assets, liabilities, and stockholders' equity
24. Barriers to entry: ANS>> Conditions that prevent new companies from entering an
industry
25. Behavioral approach: ANS>> A leadership perspective that attempts to identify what
good leaders do—that is,
what behaviors they exhibit
26. Benchmarking: ANS>> The process of comparing an organization's practices and
technologies with those of other companies
27. Bootlegging: ANS>> Informal work on projects, other than those oflcially assigned, of
employees' own choosing and initiative
28. Boundaryless organization: ANS>> Organization in which there are no barriers to
information flow
29. Boundary-spanning: ANS>> Interacting with people in other groups, thus creating
linkages between groups
30. Bounded rationality: ANS>> A less-than-perfect form of rationality in which decision
makers cannot be perfectly
rational because decisions are complex and complete information is unavailable or cannot be fully process
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