,Tablea3ofa3Content
Chaptera301:a3Cellulara3Biology .................................................................................................................................. 4
Chaptera302:a3Genesa3anda3Genetica3Diseases .......................................................................................................... 13
Chaptera303:a3Epigeneticsa3anda3Disease .................................................................................................................. 23
Ua3SNa3T O .................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Chaptera304:a3Altereda3Cellulara3anda3Tissuea3Biology ............................................................................................ 27
Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandinga3Pathophysiology,a36tha3Edition................................................................ 39
Chaptera306:a3Innatea3Immunity:a3Inflammationa3anda3Wounda3Healinga3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandinga
3Pathophysiology,a36tha3Edition ................................................................................................................................ 48
Chaptera307:a3Adaptivea3Immunity ........................................................................................................................... 60
Chaptera308:a3Infectiona3anda3Defectsa3ina3Mechanismsa3ofa3Defensea3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandinga3P
athophysiology,a36tha3Edition .................................................................................................................................... 66
SINGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 74
Chaptera309:a3Stressa3anda3Disease ........................................................................................................................... 76
Chaptera310:a3Biology,a3Clinicala3Manifestations,a3anda3Treatmenta3ofa3Cancera3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Underst
andinga3Pathophysiology,a36tha3Edition .................................................................................................................... 81
Chaptera311:a3Cancera3Epidemiology ........................................................................................................................ 87
Chaptera312:a3Cancera3ina3Children........................................................................................................................... 91
Chaptera313:a3Structurea3anda3Functiona3ofa3theNeurologica3Systema3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandinga3Pat
hophysiology,a36tha3Edition ...................................................................................................................................... 94
Chaptera314:a3Pain,a3Temperature,a3Sleep,a3anda3Sensorya3Functiona3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandinga3Pat
hophysiology,a36tha3Edition..................................................................................................................................... 105
Chaptera315:a3Alterationsa3ina3Cognitivea3Systems,a3Cerebrala3Hemodynamics,a3anda3Motora3Function.............. 116
Chaptera316:a3Disordersa3ofa3theCentrala3anda3Peripherala3Nervousa3Systemsa3anda3theNeuromusculara3Junction
................................................................................................................................................................................. 126
Chaptera317:a3Alterationsa3ofa3Neurologica3Functiona3ina3Childrena3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandinga3Path
ophysiology,a36tha3Edition ...................................................................................................................................... 138
Chaptera318:a3Mechanismsa3ofa3Hormonala3Regulation.......................................................................................... 147
Chaptera319:a3Alterationsa3ofa3Hormonala3Regulation ............................................................................................ 156
Chaptera320:a3Structurea3anda3Functiona3ofa3thea3Hematologica3Systema3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandinga3
Pathophysiology,a36tha3Edition................................................................................................................................ 169
Chaptera321:a3Alterationsa3ofa3Hematologica3Function ........................................................................................... 176
INGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 177
Chaptera322:a3Alterationsa3ofa3Hematologica3Functiona3ina3Childrena3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandinga3Pat
hophysiology,a36tha3Edition .................................................................................................................................... 192
Chaptera323:a3Structurea3anda3Functiona3ofa3thea3Cardiovasculara3anda3Lymphatica3Systemsa3Huethera3&a3McCan
ce:a3Understandinga3Pathophysiology,a36tha3Edition .............................................................................................. 200
Chaptera324:a3Alterationsa3ofa3Cardiovasculara3Function ....................................................................................... 210
Ua3SNa3T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 210
SINGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................. 223
Ua3SNa3T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 226
Ua3SNa3T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 228
Chaptera325:a3Alterationsa3ofa3Cardiovasculara3Functiona3ina3Childrena3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandinga3
Pathophysiology,a36tha3Edition................................................................................................................................ 229
Sa3Na3Ta 3 a 3 O ............................................................................................................................................................... 232
Chaptera326:a3Structurea3anda3Functiona3ofa3thea3Pulmonarya3Systema3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandinga3P
athophysiology,a36tha3Edition .................................................................................................................................. 236
, Chaptera327:a3Alterationsa3ofa3Pulmonarya3Function.............................................................................................. 245
Chaptera328:a3Alterationsa3ofa3Pulmonarya3Functiona3ina3Childrena3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandinga3Path
ophysiology,a36tha3Edition ...................................................................................................................................... 257
Chaptera329:a3Structurea3anda3Functiona3ofa3thea3Renala3anda3Urologica3Systemsa3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Under
standinga3Pathophysiology,a36tha3Edition ............................................................................................................... 265
Chaptera330:a3Alterationsa3ofa3Renala3anda3Urinarya3Tracta3Functiona3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandinga3Pa
thophysiology,a36tha3Edition ................................................................................................................................... 273
Chaptera331:a3Alterationsa3ofa3Renala3anda3Urinarya3Tracta3Functiona3ina3Childrena3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Und
erstandinga3Pathophysiology,a36tha3Edition............................................................................................................ 280
Chaptera332:a3Structurea3anda3Functiona3ofa3thea3Reproductivea3Systemsa3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understanding
a3Pathophysiology,a36tha3Edition ............................................................................................................................. 286
Chaptera333:a3Alterationsa3ofa3thea3Femalea3Reproductivea3Systema3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandinga3Path
ophysiology,a36tha3Edition ...................................................................................................................................... 295
Chaptera334:a3Alterationsa3ofa3thea3Malea3Reproductivea3System .......................................................................... 300
Chaptera335:a3Structurea3anda3Functiona3ofa3thea3Digestivea3Systema3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandinga3Pat
hophysiology,a36tha3Edition .................................................................................................................................... 305
Chaptera336:a3Alterationsa3ofa3Digestivea3Function ................................................................................................ 312
Chaptera337:a3Alterationsa3ofa3Digestivea3Functiona3ina3Children .......................................................................... 325
Chaptera338:a3Structurea3anda3Functiona3ofa3thea3Musculoskeletala3Systema3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandi
nga3Pathophysiology,a36tha3Edition ......................................................................................................................... 334
Ua3SNa3T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 337
Chaptera339:a3Alterationsa3ofa3Musculoskeletala3Function ..................................................................................... 342
Chaptera340:a3Alterationsa3ofa3Musculoskeletala3Functiona3ina3Childrena3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandinga
3Pathophysiology,a36tha3Edition .............................................................................................................................. 352
Ua3SNa3T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 354
Chaptera341:a3Structure,a3Function,a3anda3Disordersa3ofa3thea3Integumenta3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandin
ga3Pathophysiology,a36tha3Edition ........................................................................................................................... 357
Chaptera342:a3Alterationsa3ofa3thea3Integumenta3ina3Children ................................................................................ 366
, Chaptera301:a3Cellulara3Biology
Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandinga3Pathophysiology,a36tha3Edition
MULTIPLEa3CHOICE
1. Aa3studenta3isa3observinga3aa3cella3undera3thea3microscope.a3Ita3isa3observeda3toa3havea3supe
rcoileda3DNAa3witha3histones.a3Whicha3ofa3thea3followinga3woulda3alsoa3bea3observeda3bya
3thea3student?
a. Aa3singlea3circulara3chromosome
b. Aa3nucleus
c. Free-floatinga3nucleara3material
d. Noa3organelles
ANS:a 3 B
Thea3cella3describeda3isa3aa3eukaryotica3cell,a3soa3ita3hasa3histonesa3anda3aa3supercoileda3DNAa
3withina3itsa3nucleus;a3thus,a3thea3nucleusa3shoulda3bea3observed.a3Aa3singlea3circulara3chrom
osomea3calleda3aa3prokaryotea3containsa3free-
floatinga3nucleara3materiala3buta3hasa3noa3organelles.
REF:a3p.a32
2. Aa3nursea3isa3instructinga3thea3staffa3abouta3cellulara3functions.a3Whicha3cellulara3functiona3i
sa3thea3nursea3describinga3whena3ana3isolateda3cella3absorbsa3oxygena3anda3usesa3ita3toa3transf
orma3nutrientsa3toa3energy?
a. Metabolica3absorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:a3D
Thea3cell’sa3abilitya3toa3absorba3oxygena3isa3referreda3toa3asa3respirationa3whilea3itsa3communication
a3abilitya3involvesa3maintenancea3ofa3aa3steadya3dynamica3state,a3metabolica3absorptiona3providesa3
nutrition,a3anda3secretiona3allowsa3fora3thea3synthesizinga3ofa3newa3substances.
REF:a3p.a32
3. Aa3eukaryotica3cella3isa3undergoinga3DNAa3replication.a3Ina3whicha3regiona3ofa3thea3cella3w
oulda3mosta3ofa3thea3genetica3informationa3bea3contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleusa3Cytoplasm
ANS:a3C
Thea3regiona3ofa3thea3cella3thata3containsa3genetica3material,a3includinga3aa3largea3amounta3ofa3
ribonucleica3acid,a3mosta3ofa3thea3DNA,a3anda3DNA-
bindinga3proteins,a3isa3thea3nucleolus,a3whicha3isa3locateda3withina3thea3cell’sa3nucleus.a3Mitoc
hondriaa3isa3associateda3witha3cellulara3respiration,a3whilea3ribosomesa3area3involveda3witha3p
roteina3manufacturing.a3Cytoplasma3isa3aa3fluida3fillinga3thata3isa3aa3componenta3ofa3thea3cell.
REF:a3p.a32
Chaptera301:a3Cellulara3Biology .................................................................................................................................. 4
Chaptera302:a3Genesa3anda3Genetica3Diseases .......................................................................................................... 13
Chaptera303:a3Epigeneticsa3anda3Disease .................................................................................................................. 23
Ua3SNa3T O .................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Chaptera304:a3Altereda3Cellulara3anda3Tissuea3Biology ............................................................................................ 27
Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandinga3Pathophysiology,a36tha3Edition................................................................ 39
Chaptera306:a3Innatea3Immunity:a3Inflammationa3anda3Wounda3Healinga3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandinga
3Pathophysiology,a36tha3Edition ................................................................................................................................ 48
Chaptera307:a3Adaptivea3Immunity ........................................................................................................................... 60
Chaptera308:a3Infectiona3anda3Defectsa3ina3Mechanismsa3ofa3Defensea3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandinga3P
athophysiology,a36tha3Edition .................................................................................................................................... 66
SINGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 74
Chaptera309:a3Stressa3anda3Disease ........................................................................................................................... 76
Chaptera310:a3Biology,a3Clinicala3Manifestations,a3anda3Treatmenta3ofa3Cancera3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Underst
andinga3Pathophysiology,a36tha3Edition .................................................................................................................... 81
Chaptera311:a3Cancera3Epidemiology ........................................................................................................................ 87
Chaptera312:a3Cancera3ina3Children........................................................................................................................... 91
Chaptera313:a3Structurea3anda3Functiona3ofa3theNeurologica3Systema3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandinga3Pat
hophysiology,a36tha3Edition ...................................................................................................................................... 94
Chaptera314:a3Pain,a3Temperature,a3Sleep,a3anda3Sensorya3Functiona3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandinga3Pat
hophysiology,a36tha3Edition..................................................................................................................................... 105
Chaptera315:a3Alterationsa3ina3Cognitivea3Systems,a3Cerebrala3Hemodynamics,a3anda3Motora3Function.............. 116
Chaptera316:a3Disordersa3ofa3theCentrala3anda3Peripherala3Nervousa3Systemsa3anda3theNeuromusculara3Junction
................................................................................................................................................................................. 126
Chaptera317:a3Alterationsa3ofa3Neurologica3Functiona3ina3Childrena3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandinga3Path
ophysiology,a36tha3Edition ...................................................................................................................................... 138
Chaptera318:a3Mechanismsa3ofa3Hormonala3Regulation.......................................................................................... 147
Chaptera319:a3Alterationsa3ofa3Hormonala3Regulation ............................................................................................ 156
Chaptera320:a3Structurea3anda3Functiona3ofa3thea3Hematologica3Systema3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandinga3
Pathophysiology,a36tha3Edition................................................................................................................................ 169
Chaptera321:a3Alterationsa3ofa3Hematologica3Function ........................................................................................... 176
INGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 177
Chaptera322:a3Alterationsa3ofa3Hematologica3Functiona3ina3Childrena3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandinga3Pat
hophysiology,a36tha3Edition .................................................................................................................................... 192
Chaptera323:a3Structurea3anda3Functiona3ofa3thea3Cardiovasculara3anda3Lymphatica3Systemsa3Huethera3&a3McCan
ce:a3Understandinga3Pathophysiology,a36tha3Edition .............................................................................................. 200
Chaptera324:a3Alterationsa3ofa3Cardiovasculara3Function ....................................................................................... 210
Ua3SNa3T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 210
SINGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................. 223
Ua3SNa3T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 226
Ua3SNa3T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 228
Chaptera325:a3Alterationsa3ofa3Cardiovasculara3Functiona3ina3Childrena3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandinga3
Pathophysiology,a36tha3Edition................................................................................................................................ 229
Sa3Na3Ta 3 a 3 O ............................................................................................................................................................... 232
Chaptera326:a3Structurea3anda3Functiona3ofa3thea3Pulmonarya3Systema3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandinga3P
athophysiology,a36tha3Edition .................................................................................................................................. 236
, Chaptera327:a3Alterationsa3ofa3Pulmonarya3Function.............................................................................................. 245
Chaptera328:a3Alterationsa3ofa3Pulmonarya3Functiona3ina3Childrena3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandinga3Path
ophysiology,a36tha3Edition ...................................................................................................................................... 257
Chaptera329:a3Structurea3anda3Functiona3ofa3thea3Renala3anda3Urologica3Systemsa3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Under
standinga3Pathophysiology,a36tha3Edition ............................................................................................................... 265
Chaptera330:a3Alterationsa3ofa3Renala3anda3Urinarya3Tracta3Functiona3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandinga3Pa
thophysiology,a36tha3Edition ................................................................................................................................... 273
Chaptera331:a3Alterationsa3ofa3Renala3anda3Urinarya3Tracta3Functiona3ina3Childrena3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Und
erstandinga3Pathophysiology,a36tha3Edition............................................................................................................ 280
Chaptera332:a3Structurea3anda3Functiona3ofa3thea3Reproductivea3Systemsa3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understanding
a3Pathophysiology,a36tha3Edition ............................................................................................................................. 286
Chaptera333:a3Alterationsa3ofa3thea3Femalea3Reproductivea3Systema3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandinga3Path
ophysiology,a36tha3Edition ...................................................................................................................................... 295
Chaptera334:a3Alterationsa3ofa3thea3Malea3Reproductivea3System .......................................................................... 300
Chaptera335:a3Structurea3anda3Functiona3ofa3thea3Digestivea3Systema3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandinga3Pat
hophysiology,a36tha3Edition .................................................................................................................................... 305
Chaptera336:a3Alterationsa3ofa3Digestivea3Function ................................................................................................ 312
Chaptera337:a3Alterationsa3ofa3Digestivea3Functiona3ina3Children .......................................................................... 325
Chaptera338:a3Structurea3anda3Functiona3ofa3thea3Musculoskeletala3Systema3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandi
nga3Pathophysiology,a36tha3Edition ......................................................................................................................... 334
Ua3SNa3T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 337
Chaptera339:a3Alterationsa3ofa3Musculoskeletala3Function ..................................................................................... 342
Chaptera340:a3Alterationsa3ofa3Musculoskeletala3Functiona3ina3Childrena3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandinga
3Pathophysiology,a36tha3Edition .............................................................................................................................. 352
Ua3SNa3T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 354
Chaptera341:a3Structure,a3Function,a3anda3Disordersa3ofa3thea3Integumenta3Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandin
ga3Pathophysiology,a36tha3Edition ........................................................................................................................... 357
Chaptera342:a3Alterationsa3ofa3thea3Integumenta3ina3Children ................................................................................ 366
, Chaptera301:a3Cellulara3Biology
Huethera3&a3McCance:a3Understandinga3Pathophysiology,a36tha3Edition
MULTIPLEa3CHOICE
1. Aa3studenta3isa3observinga3aa3cella3undera3thea3microscope.a3Ita3isa3observeda3toa3havea3supe
rcoileda3DNAa3witha3histones.a3Whicha3ofa3thea3followinga3woulda3alsoa3bea3observeda3bya
3thea3student?
a. Aa3singlea3circulara3chromosome
b. Aa3nucleus
c. Free-floatinga3nucleara3material
d. Noa3organelles
ANS:a 3 B
Thea3cella3describeda3isa3aa3eukaryotica3cell,a3soa3ita3hasa3histonesa3anda3aa3supercoileda3DNAa
3withina3itsa3nucleus;a3thus,a3thea3nucleusa3shoulda3bea3observed.a3Aa3singlea3circulara3chrom
osomea3calleda3aa3prokaryotea3containsa3free-
floatinga3nucleara3materiala3buta3hasa3noa3organelles.
REF:a3p.a32
2. Aa3nursea3isa3instructinga3thea3staffa3abouta3cellulara3functions.a3Whicha3cellulara3functiona3i
sa3thea3nursea3describinga3whena3ana3isolateda3cella3absorbsa3oxygena3anda3usesa3ita3toa3transf
orma3nutrientsa3toa3energy?
a. Metabolica3absorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:a3D
Thea3cell’sa3abilitya3toa3absorba3oxygena3isa3referreda3toa3asa3respirationa3whilea3itsa3communication
a3abilitya3involvesa3maintenancea3ofa3aa3steadya3dynamica3state,a3metabolica3absorptiona3providesa3
nutrition,a3anda3secretiona3allowsa3fora3thea3synthesizinga3ofa3newa3substances.
REF:a3p.a32
3. Aa3eukaryotica3cella3isa3undergoinga3DNAa3replication.a3Ina3whicha3regiona3ofa3thea3cella3w
oulda3mosta3ofa3thea3genetica3informationa3bea3contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleusa3Cytoplasm
ANS:a3C
Thea3regiona3ofa3thea3cella3thata3containsa3genetica3material,a3includinga3aa3largea3amounta3ofa3
ribonucleica3acid,a3mosta3ofa3thea3DNA,a3anda3DNA-
bindinga3proteins,a3isa3thea3nucleolus,a3whicha3isa3locateda3withina3thea3cell’sa3nucleus.a3Mitoc
hondriaa3isa3associateda3witha3cellulara3respiration,a3whilea3ribosomesa3area3involveda3witha3p
roteina3manufacturing.a3Cytoplasma3isa3aa3fluida3fillinga3thata3isa3aa3componenta3ofa3thea3cell.
REF:a3p.a32
