NEUR 1202/NEUR1202 Quizzes 1-7 Answered Updated 2025.

NEUR 1202 Quizzes 1-7 Answered Updated 2025. Quiz 1 Question 1 is the proportion of animals with a certain genotype that exhibit the phenotype linked to that genotype, whereas the expression level of a given genotype as a phenotype inside an individual is referred to as . Penetrance; expressivity  Expressivity; penetrance  Penetrance; epistasis Epistasis; expressivity Question 2 Which of the following statement is false?  Sensitivity to risk factors is based on the ability to respond to the risk factors.  Susceptibility to risk factors can change over the course of development due to changes in gene expression.  Developing brain structures are more vulnerable during a specific developmental period, while the structure can be resilient to that same insult during a different developmental period.  None of the above. Question 3 Expressivity  Explains whether the disease shows up.  Provides a quantitative measurement.  Explains how often the gene is expressed.  Explains how a disease shows up. Question 4 Most organ systems are established during which critical period?  Embryonic period (days 3-8 of gestation)  Fetal period (weeks 3-8 of gestation)  Fetal period (weeks 9-38 of gestation)  Embryonic period (weeks 3-8 of gestation) Question 5 The vulnerability of the developing brain is dependent on which of the following:  Whether an agent reaches the developing nervous system.  Period of exposure.  Whether an active metabolite reaches the developing nervous system.  All of the above Question 6 Phenotypical outcome is influenced by  Mutational load  Gene vulnerability  Penetrance  All of the above Question 7 Joanna and Darius both possess the gene that codes for dwarfism, however both of their characteristics differ quite a bit. Joanna has many health issues caused by her dwarfism and Darius has little to no issues with his health other than being shorter in stature. What phenomenon explains this?  Codominance  Multiple alleles  Penetrance  Variable expressivity Question 8 Most neurodevelopmental disorders can be described as monogenic in nature.  True  False Question 9 Which of the following condition is known to result from aneuploidy?  Fragile X Syndrome  Schizophrenia  Trisomy-21  Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Question 10 Your friend's child was recently diagnosed with an undisclosed genetic neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD). Your friend explains that there is no history of NDD in their family line. What could explain the sudden appearance of an NDD? ii) It is a concordant phenotype. jj) It is an autosomal dominant disorder. kk) There is a de novo mutation. ll) It is a discordant phenotype. Quiz 2 lec 4&5 Question 1 All environmental factors are teratogens. mm) True nn) False Question 2 Neurotoxicants that target the axon are known as axonopathies. a) True b) False Question 3 Based on the findings by Bellinger et al. (1987), there is a low correlation between umbilical cord lead blood level and mental development index score. c) True d) False Question 4 Maternal diabetic condition is a teratogen. oo) True pp) False Question 5 During pregnancy, hyperthermia can result in which of the following scenarios? qq) Using the hot tub rr) Performing low-intensity exercise ss)Infections tt) Two of the above Question 6 Which of the following factor(s) contribute to the levels of environmental toxicants in the blood and brain of babies and young children being many times higher than those found in adults? The difference in uu) Physiology vv) Diet ww) Behaviour xx) All of the above. Question 7 Which of the following description is correct? yy) Damage to the cerebellum can result in ataxia resulting in disturbances in gait. zz)Stereo anesthesia is the ability to recognize/understand an object by touch. aaa) Damage to the occipital lobe can result in hardness of hearing. bbb) Damage to the postcentral gyrus can result in muscle weakness and muscle cramp. . Question 8 Critical period is ccc) A flexible time-window during which the development of an organism is resistant to change. ddd) A restricted time-window during which the development of an organism is most prone to change. eee) A flexible time-window during which the development of an organism is most prone to change. fff)A restricted time-window during which the development of an organism is resistant to change. Question 9 From a mechanistic perspective, botulinum toxin would fall under which of the following categories? ggg) Affect neurotransmission hhh) Axonopathies iii) Myelinopathies jjj) Neuronopathies Question 10 Genetic factors operate in the context of environmental conditions. This statement is supported by which of the following: kkk) Environmental factors being risk modifiers. lll) Environmental factors being modifiable risk factors. mmm) All of the above. nnn) None of the above. Quiz 3 lec 6 &7 Question 1 PON1 (paraoxonase 1) is a key enzyme in the metabolism of organophosphate pesticides, therefore ooo) Children of mothers with high PON1 levels are selectively vulnerable to the adverse effects of OPs. ppp) Children of mothers with low PON1 levels are the least vulnerable to the adverse effects of OPs. qqq) Children of mothers with high PON1 levels are more vulnerable to the adverse effects of OPs. rrr) Children of mothers with low PON1 levels are more vulnerable to the adverse effects of OPs. Question 2 Due to the advancement of technology, screening and diagnostic tests are 100% accurate. sss) True ttt) False Question 3 Karyotyping provides the following information to allow for the identification of chromosomal deficits. uuu) Size of the chromosome vvv) Shape of the chromosome www)Number of chromosomes xxx) All of the above Question 4 Nuchal translucency is a type of diagnostic test, that helps physicians determine if the baby is statistically more likely to have a chromosome abnormality. yyy) True zzz) False Question 5 PUBS is performed by aaaa) Taking blood directly from the fetus. bbbb)Drawing a small amount of fluid from the fluid around the baby. cccc) Taking a sample of tissue from the placenta. dddd)Taking blood directly from the umbilical cord. Question 6 Match the following pesticide type to their target species. 3 Fungi 1 Insecticide 1 Insects 2 Herbicides 2 Plants/ weeds 3 Fungicides 4 Rodents 4 Rodenticid es Question 7 Prenatal screening tests can be used to determine the mother’s relative risk of having a condition. eeee) True ffff) False Question 8 The fetus of a mother who is Rh-sensitized may have anemia. gggg)True hhhh)False Question 9 Which of the following is/are examples of prenatal diagnostic tests: iv) CVS jjjj) Glucose tolerance test kkkk) Amniocentesis llll) All of the above Question 10 The risk of undergoing amniocentesis includes the following: mmmm) Miscarriage nnnn)Leakage of amniotic fluid oooo) Infection pppp)Injury to baby qqqq)All of the above Quiz 4 Question 1 Spina bifida occulta is the incomplete closure of the spinal cord. a) True b) False Spina bifida occulta is the incomplete closure of the spinal column – the vertebrae. Question 2 Which of the following is the correct order (increasing severity) of the sub-types of spin including their associated pathology. rrrr) Occulta (no cyst) Myelomeningocele (cyst with meninges) Meningocele (cyst with meninges and neural tissue ssss) Occulta (no cyst) Meningocele (cyst with meninges) Myelomeningocele (cyst with meninges and neural tissue) tttt) Occulta (no cyst) Myelomeningocele (cyst with meninges) Meningocele (cyst with meninges and neural tissue) uuuu) Myelomeningocele (cyst with meninges and neural tissue) Meningocele (cyst with meninges) Occulta (no cyst) Questio n 3 Encephalocele is a type of NTD where the cranial vault is missing. a) True b) false Question 4 The name and/or subtype of neural tube defects is/are based on vvvv) Position and severity of neural tube defects wwww) The location of the herniated sac xxxx) The type of tissue within the herniated sac yyyy) All of the above Question 5 NTDs occur zzzz) During the fetal period (weeks 9-38) aaaaa) During the embryonic period (weeks 9-38) bbbbb) During the embryonic period (weeks 3-8) ccccc) During the fetal period (weeks 3-8) Quiz 5 Question 1 The clinical symptoms of spina bifida, are similar to which of the following disease/disorder? ddddd) Food allergy eeeee) Hydrocephalus fffff) Spinal cord injury ggggg) Anencephaly Question 2 Mutation of a proapoptotic gene Apaf1 can cause a/an hhhhh) Decrease in apoptosis leading to the presence of excessive number of cells. v) Increase in apoptosis leading to insufficient number of cells to participate in neurulation. jjjjj) Decrease in apoptosis leading to insufficient number of cells to participate in neurulation. kkkkk) Increase in apoptosis leading to the presence of excessive number of cells. Question 3 Tangential migration is also known as gliophilic migration. lllll) True mmmmm) False Question 4 Somal translocation is a type of passive migration. nnnnn) True ooooo) False Question 5 Folic acid is the natural analog of folate. ppppp) True qqqqq) False Question 6 Early in development, cell migrate via somal translocation. rrrrr) True sssss)False Question 7 The association between maternal periconceptional fever and an increased risk for neural tube defects can be attenuated by consuming folic acid at recommended levels in the periconceptional period. ttttt) True uuuuu) False Question 8 Based on animal studies, the incidence and severity of the effect of hyperthermia is dependent on which of the following factors? vvvvv) Stage of development wwwww) Duration and amplitude of the temperature increase xxxxx) Genotype yyyyy) All of the above Question 9 Order the following steps of cell migration in the correct sequence of events. 2 Nucleokinesis 3 Retraction of the trailing processes. 1 Extension of the leading process. Question 10 An experiment examining the effect of hyperthermia on Cx43 expression in golden hamsters, found that: zzzzz) Hyperthermia disturbs the migration of cells leading to neural tube defects. aaaaaa) Hyperthermia causes mutation in the Cx43 gene. bbbbbb) Hyperthermia leads to an increase in the expression of Cx43 protein in the neural tube. mRNA in the neural tube. Quiz 6 Question 1 Which of the following is the correct pair? dddddd) Under-migration - Classic Lissencephaly eeeeee) Under-migration - Type 2 Lissencephaly ffffff) Over-migration - Type 1 Lissencephaly gggggg) Under-migration - Cobblestone Lissencephaly Question 2 Which of the following characteristic(s) on an MRI could indicate NMD? hhhhhh) Enlarged ventricles vi) Lack of normal cortical convolutions jjjjjj) Thicker cortex kkkkkk) All of the above Question 3 In the context of neuronal migration, mutation in O-glycosylation process results in which of the following? llllll) Defect in the integrity of the basal lamina mmmmmm) Classical lissencephaly nnnnnn) Error in tangential migration oooooo) None of the above Question 4 Lissencephaly could be caused by a mutation in which of the following gene(s)? pppppp) Chromosome Yq22.3: DCX gene qqqqqq) Chromosome 17p13.3: DCX gene rrrrrr) Chromosome 17p13.3: LIS1 gene ssssss) Chromosome Xp22.3: LIS1 gene Question 5 Exposure to glucocorticoids is believed to be well-tolerated by the fetus prior to mid-gestation due to which of the following? tttttt) Increase in the expression of glucocorticoid receptors in the fetus's neocortex. uuuuuu) Increase in the expression of glucocorticoid receptors in the placenta. vvvvvv) Expression of glucocorticoid degrading enzymes in the placenta and the fetal brain. wwwwww) High levels of glucocorticoid receptors found in the mother's brain. Question 6 When performing immunocytochemistry, NeuN is used to label which of the following cell type(s)? xxxxxx) Neurons yyyyyy) New cells zzzzzz) Glial cells aaaaaaa) Viable cells Question 7 The complete absence of gyri and sulci on the surface of the brain is called? bbbbbbb) Pachygyria ccccccc) Incomplete lissencephaly ddddddd) Agyria eeeeeee) Gyrigone Quiz 7 Question 1 M.C. is diagnosed with a learning disorder. As a part of the diagnostic procedure, brain imaging was performed. Would you expect to see definite structural deficits in M.C.’s brain scan? fffffff) Yes ggggggg) No Question 2 C.H., is a fifth-grade student who is having great difficulty in school. The student pays attention and works hard but appears to have difficulty recalling details and concepts that they had read about. Before we can determine whether C.H. has a learning difference, which of the following would be the most important to know about C.H.? hhhhhhh) Studying skills vii) Social skills jjjjjjj) Math skills IQ Question 3 Dyscalculia is Difficulty in writing Difficulty in language Difficulty in reading Difficulty in learning/comprehending arithmetic Question 4 Dysgraphia is Difficulty in reading Difficulty in learning/comprehending arithmetic Difficulty in language Difficulty in writing Question 5 Dyslexia is a monogenic disorder. True False