TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 7TH EDITION BY HUETHER
z z z z z z z z
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
z z z
Huether: Understanding Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
z z z z
MULTIPLE CHOICE z
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is
z z z z z z z z z z
observed to have supercoiled DNAwith histones. Which of the
z z z z z z z z z
following would also be observed by the student?
z z z z z z z z
a. A single circular chromosome
z z z
b. A nucleus z
c. Free-floating nuclear material z z
d. No organelles z
ANS: B z
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a
z z z z z z z z z z z z
supercoiled DNA within itsnucleus; thus, the nucleus should be
z z z z z z z z z
observed. A single circular chromosome called a prokaryote
z z z z z z z z
contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles.
z z z z z z z z
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
zdescribing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
a. Metabolic absorption z
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D z
The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
involves maintenance of a s te adNy dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and
z z z z z z z z z z z z
secretion allows for the synthesizing of new substances.
z z z z z z z z
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
genetic information be contained?
z z z z
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus cytoplasm z
ANS: C z
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic acid,
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within the cell’s
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
nucleus. Mitochondria is associated with cellular respiration while ribosomes are involved
z z z z z z z z z z z
with protein manufacturing. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the cell.
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by dissolving the
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
layer itself?
z z
a. Peripheral membrane proteins z z
b. Integral membrane proteins z z
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules z z
,TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 7TH EDITION BY HUETHER
z z z z z z z z
ANS: B z
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the
z z z z z z z z z z z z
surface while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane. Glycoprotein marks
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
cells and does not float.
z z z z z
5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
z z z z z z z z z
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids z
d. Ligands
ANS: D z
Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane.
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation in the
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
extracellular matrix would support the diagnosis of metastatic cancer?
z z z z z z z z z
a. Decreased fibronectin z
b. Increased collagen z
c. Decreased elastin z
d. Increased glycoproteins z
ANS: A z
Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous cells, allowing them to
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
travel or metastasize.
z z z
7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
a. Cell junction N z
b. Gap junction z
c. Desmosome
d. Tight junction z
ANS: A z
Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell. Gap junctions allow
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight junctions are associated
z z z z z z z z z z z z
with cellular communication.
z z z
8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring
z z z z z z z z z z z
alpha cells. This action is an example of which of the following signaling types?
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: A z
Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up,
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
glucagon. None of the other options involve signaling that is associated with a local chemical
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
mediator like insulin.
z z z
9. In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
z z z z z z z z z z
a. solute.
, TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 7TH EDITION BY HUETHER
z z z z z z z z
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS: B z
Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to a product of the
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
reaction. Cellular metabolism is not dependent on an attraction between an enzyme and any of
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
the remaining options.
z z z
10. An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract. The
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
athlete asks the nurse why this happened. The nurse’s response is based on the knowledge that the
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
problem is result of a deficiency of:
z z z z z z z
a. GTP.
b. AMP.
c. ATP.
d. GMP.
ANS: C z
When ATP is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results. None of the other options are
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
involved in muscle contraction.
z z z z
11. Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?
z z z z z z z
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citric acid cycle z z
ANS: D z
N
While some ATP is produced during the oxidation and glycolysis phases, most of the ATP is
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
generated during the citric acid cycle. Digestion does not produce any ATP.
z z z z z z z z z z z
12. A nurse is teaching the staff about the phases of cellular catabolism. Which phases should the
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
nurse include?
z z
a. Digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, and the citric acid cycle z z z z z z z
b. Diffusion, osmosis, and mediated transport z z z z
c. S phase, G phase, and M phase
z z z z z z
d. Metabolic absorption, respiration, and excretion z z z z
ANS: A z
Only digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, and the citric acid cycle are the phases of cellular
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
catabolism.
z
13. A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
zfacilitate his continued muscle performance?z z z z
a. Electron-transport chain z
b. Aerobic glycolysis z
c. Anaerobic glycolysis z
d. Oxidative phosphorylation z
ANS: C z
, TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 7TH EDITION BY HUETHER
z z z z z z z z
When no oxygen is available, anaerobic glycolysis occurs. The electron-transport chain is part of
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
the citric acid cycle. Aerobic glycolysis involves the presence of oxygen. Oxidative
z z z z z z z z z z z z
phosphorylation is the mechanism by which the energy produced from carbohydrates, fats, and
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
proteins is transferred to ATP. It is not part of muscle performance.
z z z z z z z z z z z z
14. A faculty member asks a student to identify the appropriate term for the movement of a solute
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
from an area of greater to lesser concentration. Which answer indicates the nursing student
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
understood the teaching?
z z z
a. Osmosis
b. Diffusion
c. Hydrostatic pressure z
d. Active transport z
ANS: B z
Diffusion is the movement of a solute molecule from an area of greater solute concentration to an
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
area of lesser solute concentration through a permeable membrane. Osmosis is the movement of
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to one of
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
lower concentration. Hydrostatic pressure is the force of fluid against a cell membrane. In active
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
transport, molecules move up a concentration gradient.
z z z z z z z
15. Which description accurately describes electrolytes?
z z z z
a. Small lipid-soluble molecules z z
b. Large protein molecules z z
c. Micronutrients used to produce ATP z z z z
d. Electrically charged molecules z z
ANS: D z
Electrolytes are electrically chaNr g ed molecules. They are not lipid soluble, they are not made
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
up of protein, and they do not play a role in ATP production.
z z z z z z z z z z z z
16. A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by:
z z z z z z z
a. the concentration of sodium. z z z
b. plasma proteins. z
c. hydrostatic pressure. z
d. the availability of membrane transporter proteins.
z z z z z
ANS: B z
Oncotic pressure is determined by the effect of colloids or plasma proteins. The concentration of
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
sodium plays a role in tonicity. Hydrostatic pressure is the force within a vessel. Membrane
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
transporter proteins are involved in active transport within a concentration gradient.
z z z z z z z z z z z
17. A patient has a body fluid of 300 mOsm/kg. This lab result is measuring:
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
a. osmolality.
b. osmolarity.
c. osmotic pressure. z
d. oncotic pressure. z
ANS: A z
z z z z z z z z
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
z z z
Huether: Understanding Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
z z z z
MULTIPLE CHOICE z
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is
z z z z z z z z z z
observed to have supercoiled DNAwith histones. Which of the
z z z z z z z z z
following would also be observed by the student?
z z z z z z z z
a. A single circular chromosome
z z z
b. A nucleus z
c. Free-floating nuclear material z z
d. No organelles z
ANS: B z
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a
z z z z z z z z z z z z
supercoiled DNA within itsnucleus; thus, the nucleus should be
z z z z z z z z z
observed. A single circular chromosome called a prokaryote
z z z z z z z z
contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles.
z z z z z z z z
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
zdescribing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
a. Metabolic absorption z
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D z
The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
involves maintenance of a s te adNy dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and
z z z z z z z z z z z z
secretion allows for the synthesizing of new substances.
z z z z z z z z
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
genetic information be contained?
z z z z
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus cytoplasm z
ANS: C z
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic acid,
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within the cell’s
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
nucleus. Mitochondria is associated with cellular respiration while ribosomes are involved
z z z z z z z z z z z
with protein manufacturing. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the cell.
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by dissolving the
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
layer itself?
z z
a. Peripheral membrane proteins z z
b. Integral membrane proteins z z
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules z z
,TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 7TH EDITION BY HUETHER
z z z z z z z z
ANS: B z
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the
z z z z z z z z z z z z
surface while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane. Glycoprotein marks
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
cells and does not float.
z z z z z
5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
z z z z z z z z z
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids z
d. Ligands
ANS: D z
Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane.
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation in the
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
extracellular matrix would support the diagnosis of metastatic cancer?
z z z z z z z z z
a. Decreased fibronectin z
b. Increased collagen z
c. Decreased elastin z
d. Increased glycoproteins z
ANS: A z
Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous cells, allowing them to
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
travel or metastasize.
z z z
7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
a. Cell junction N z
b. Gap junction z
c. Desmosome
d. Tight junction z
ANS: A z
Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell. Gap junctions allow
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight junctions are associated
z z z z z z z z z z z z
with cellular communication.
z z z
8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring
z z z z z z z z z z z
alpha cells. This action is an example of which of the following signaling types?
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: A z
Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up,
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
glucagon. None of the other options involve signaling that is associated with a local chemical
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
mediator like insulin.
z z z
9. In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
z z z z z z z z z z
a. solute.
, TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 7TH EDITION BY HUETHER
z z z z z z z z
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS: B z
Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to a product of the
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
reaction. Cellular metabolism is not dependent on an attraction between an enzyme and any of
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
the remaining options.
z z z
10. An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract. The
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
athlete asks the nurse why this happened. The nurse’s response is based on the knowledge that the
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
problem is result of a deficiency of:
z z z z z z z
a. GTP.
b. AMP.
c. ATP.
d. GMP.
ANS: C z
When ATP is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results. None of the other options are
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
involved in muscle contraction.
z z z z
11. Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?
z z z z z z z
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citric acid cycle z z
ANS: D z
N
While some ATP is produced during the oxidation and glycolysis phases, most of the ATP is
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
generated during the citric acid cycle. Digestion does not produce any ATP.
z z z z z z z z z z z
12. A nurse is teaching the staff about the phases of cellular catabolism. Which phases should the
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
nurse include?
z z
a. Digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, and the citric acid cycle z z z z z z z
b. Diffusion, osmosis, and mediated transport z z z z
c. S phase, G phase, and M phase
z z z z z z
d. Metabolic absorption, respiration, and excretion z z z z
ANS: A z
Only digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, and the citric acid cycle are the phases of cellular
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
catabolism.
z
13. A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
zfacilitate his continued muscle performance?z z z z
a. Electron-transport chain z
b. Aerobic glycolysis z
c. Anaerobic glycolysis z
d. Oxidative phosphorylation z
ANS: C z
, TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 7TH EDITION BY HUETHER
z z z z z z z z
When no oxygen is available, anaerobic glycolysis occurs. The electron-transport chain is part of
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
the citric acid cycle. Aerobic glycolysis involves the presence of oxygen. Oxidative
z z z z z z z z z z z z
phosphorylation is the mechanism by which the energy produced from carbohydrates, fats, and
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
proteins is transferred to ATP. It is not part of muscle performance.
z z z z z z z z z z z z
14. A faculty member asks a student to identify the appropriate term for the movement of a solute
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
from an area of greater to lesser concentration. Which answer indicates the nursing student
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
understood the teaching?
z z z
a. Osmosis
b. Diffusion
c. Hydrostatic pressure z
d. Active transport z
ANS: B z
Diffusion is the movement of a solute molecule from an area of greater solute concentration to an
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
area of lesser solute concentration through a permeable membrane. Osmosis is the movement of
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to one of
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
lower concentration. Hydrostatic pressure is the force of fluid against a cell membrane. In active
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
transport, molecules move up a concentration gradient.
z z z z z z z
15. Which description accurately describes electrolytes?
z z z z
a. Small lipid-soluble molecules z z
b. Large protein molecules z z
c. Micronutrients used to produce ATP z z z z
d. Electrically charged molecules z z
ANS: D z
Electrolytes are electrically chaNr g ed molecules. They are not lipid soluble, they are not made
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
up of protein, and they do not play a role in ATP production.
z z z z z z z z z z z z
16. A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by:
z z z z z z z
a. the concentration of sodium. z z z
b. plasma proteins. z
c. hydrostatic pressure. z
d. the availability of membrane transporter proteins.
z z z z z
ANS: B z
Oncotic pressure is determined by the effect of colloids or plasma proteins. The concentration of
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
sodium plays a role in tonicity. Hydrostatic pressure is the force within a vessel. Membrane
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
transporter proteins are involved in active transport within a concentration gradient.
z z z z z z z z z z z
17. A patient has a body fluid of 300 mOsm/kg. This lab result is measuring:
z z z z z z z z z z z z z
a. osmolality.
b. osmolarity.
c. osmotic pressure. z
d. oncotic pressure. z
ANS: A z
