NR283 Pathophysiology Final Exam Concept Guide -ACTUAL EXAM- LATEST VERSION//NR283 Pathophysiology Final Exam Concept Guide -ACTUAL EXAM- LATEST VERSION

NR283 Pathophysiology Final Exam Concept Guide
[ACTUAL EXAM] LATEST VERSION [QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS] DETAILED AND VERIFIED FOR GUARANTEED
PASS- LATEST UPDATE 2025 GRADED A (BRAND NEW!!)




Modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ - obesity
- sedentary lifestyles
- diabetes mellitus
- poorly controlled hypertension
- oral contraceptives and smoking

Prevention / treatment techniques for atherosclerosis - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ - weight
loss
- increased exercise
- dietary modification
- reduced sodium intake
- control hypertension
- control primary disorders
- smoking cessation
- antilipidemic drugs
- surgical interventions

Surgical interventions for atherosclerosis - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ - coronary bypass
surgery

Angina pectoris - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Chest pain triggered by physical or emotion
stress that is recurrent

Types of angina - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ - Classic (exertional)
- Variant
- Unstable

Classic angina - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ pain that is stable and precipitated by increased
effort (exercise and stress)

Variant angina - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ When vasospasm occur at rest

,Unstable angina - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ - prolonged chest pain at rest
- may precede myocardial infarction

Signs / symptoms of angina pectoris - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ - Pallor skin coloring
- diaphoresis
- nausea
- chest pain

Diaphoresis - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ excessive sweating

Treatments of angina pectoris - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ - Rest
- Administration of nitroglycerin
- Administration of O2

Stenosis valve disorder - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ - Less blood flow through narrowed
opening valves
- No backflow occurs

Regurgitation valve disorder - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ - blood leaking back through valve
b/c the valve fails to close completely
- results in backflow through valve

Tool used to diagnose valve diseases - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ - Echocardiogram

Heart failure - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ Heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to
meet metabolic demands of the body

Signs / symptoms of right-sided heart failure - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ - decreased blood
supply to tissues
- generalized hypoxia
- fatigue
- weakness
- dyspnea
- shortness of breath
- flush face
- headache
- visual disturbances

Signs / symptoms of left-sided heart failure - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ - pulmonary
congestion
- increased jugular vein distension
- hepatomegaly
- splenomegaly
- ascites
- orthopnea

, - cold intolerance
- dyspnea

Signs / symptoms of pain - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ - location of pain
- aching
- burning
- sharp
- widespread
- throbbing
- cramping
- time of pain
- physical evidence of pain
- nausea
- vomiting
- fainting
- dizziness
- Clenched fists
- rigid faces

Signs of pain in infants - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ - tachycardia
- increased BP
- facial expressions

Referred pain - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ pain that may be perceived at a site distant from
source

Referred pain commonly associated with - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ - Visceral damage in
abdominal organs
- heart attack
- ischemia in heart

Phantom pain - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ pain experienced in the area of a body part that
has been surgically or traumatically removed

Phantom pain associated with - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ - prolonged chronic pain
- amputation

Common phantom pain signs associated with amputation - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ - pain
- itching
- tingling

Pain threshold - CORRECT ✔✔✔✔✔ - point at which a stimulus is perceived as pain
- does not vary with people