NUR 634 Exam With Well Detailed Question & Answers
Perfectly A+ Graded Newest Updated Versions
Gray matter (define) ANSWER>>>>-Aggregations of neuronal cell bodies; it rims the
surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres, forming the cerebral cortex
White matter (define) ANSWER>>>>-Neuronal axons that are coated with myelin
Basal ganglia (define) ANSWER>>>>-Affect movement
Thalamus (define) ANSWER>>>>-Process sensory impulses and relays them to the
cerebral cortex
Hypothalamus (define) ANSWER>>>>-**Maintains homeostasis & regulates
temperature, HR, & BP
**Affects the endocrine system and governs emotional behaviors
1
,Internal capsule (define) ANSWER>>>>-A white-matter structure where myelinated
fibers converge from all parts of the cerebral cortex and descend into the brainstem
Cerebellum (define) ANSWER>>>>-Coordinates all movement and helps maintain the
body upright in space
Somatic nervous system (define) ANSWER>>>>-Regulates muscle movements and
response to sensations of touch and pain
Autonomic nervous system (define) ANSWER>>>>-Connects to internal organs and
generates autonomic reflex responses
Sympathetic nervous system (define) ANSWER>>>>-Part of autonomic nervous system
**Mobilizes organs and their functions during times of stress and arousal**
Parasympathetic nervous system (define) ANSWER>>>>-Part of autonomic nervous
system
**Conserves energy and resources during times of rest and relaxation**
Spinal nerves (classification) ANSWER>>>>-31 pairs total:
-8 cervical
-12 thoracic
2
,-5 lumbar
-5 sacral
-1 coccygeal
Sensory fibers ANSWER>>>>-**AFFERENT**
-Posterior (dorsal) root of nerve
Motor fibers ANSWER>>>>-**EFFERENT**
-Anterior (ventral) root of nerve
When upper motor neuron systems are damaged ABOVE their crossover in the medulla, motor
impairment develops on which side? ANSWER>>>>-***OPPOSITE / CONTRALATERAL
SIDE***
When upper motor neuron systems are damaged BELOW their crossover in the medulla, motor
impairment develops on which side? ANSWER>>>>-***SAME / IPSILATERAL SIDE***
In upper motor neuron lesions, what happens to muscle tone and DTRs? ANSWER>>>>--
Muscle tone is increased
-DTRs are exaggerated
3
, Damage to lower motor neuron systems cause what? ANSWER>>>>--Ipsilateral
weakness and paralysis
Damage to basal ganglia system produces changes in what? ANSWER>>>>--Muscle tone
(most often an increase)
-Disturbances in posture and gait
-Bradykinesia (slowness or lack of spontaneous movements)
-Various involuntary movements
Damage to cerebellum causes what? ANSWER>>>>--Impaired coordination, gait, &
equilibrium
-Decreased muscle tone
Spinothalamic tract (define) ANSWER>>>>--Consists of smaller sensory neurons with
unmyelinated or thinly myelinated axons
-Registers pain, temperature, and crude touch
Posterior columns (define) ANSWER>>>>--Consist of larger neurons with heavily
myelinated axons
-Transmit sensations of vibration, proprioception, kinesthesia, pressure, and fine touch
4
Perfectly A+ Graded Newest Updated Versions
Gray matter (define) ANSWER>>>>-Aggregations of neuronal cell bodies; it rims the
surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres, forming the cerebral cortex
White matter (define) ANSWER>>>>-Neuronal axons that are coated with myelin
Basal ganglia (define) ANSWER>>>>-Affect movement
Thalamus (define) ANSWER>>>>-Process sensory impulses and relays them to the
cerebral cortex
Hypothalamus (define) ANSWER>>>>-**Maintains homeostasis & regulates
temperature, HR, & BP
**Affects the endocrine system and governs emotional behaviors
1
,Internal capsule (define) ANSWER>>>>-A white-matter structure where myelinated
fibers converge from all parts of the cerebral cortex and descend into the brainstem
Cerebellum (define) ANSWER>>>>-Coordinates all movement and helps maintain the
body upright in space
Somatic nervous system (define) ANSWER>>>>-Regulates muscle movements and
response to sensations of touch and pain
Autonomic nervous system (define) ANSWER>>>>-Connects to internal organs and
generates autonomic reflex responses
Sympathetic nervous system (define) ANSWER>>>>-Part of autonomic nervous system
**Mobilizes organs and their functions during times of stress and arousal**
Parasympathetic nervous system (define) ANSWER>>>>-Part of autonomic nervous
system
**Conserves energy and resources during times of rest and relaxation**
Spinal nerves (classification) ANSWER>>>>-31 pairs total:
-8 cervical
-12 thoracic
2
,-5 lumbar
-5 sacral
-1 coccygeal
Sensory fibers ANSWER>>>>-**AFFERENT**
-Posterior (dorsal) root of nerve
Motor fibers ANSWER>>>>-**EFFERENT**
-Anterior (ventral) root of nerve
When upper motor neuron systems are damaged ABOVE their crossover in the medulla, motor
impairment develops on which side? ANSWER>>>>-***OPPOSITE / CONTRALATERAL
SIDE***
When upper motor neuron systems are damaged BELOW their crossover in the medulla, motor
impairment develops on which side? ANSWER>>>>-***SAME / IPSILATERAL SIDE***
In upper motor neuron lesions, what happens to muscle tone and DTRs? ANSWER>>>>--
Muscle tone is increased
-DTRs are exaggerated
3
, Damage to lower motor neuron systems cause what? ANSWER>>>>--Ipsilateral
weakness and paralysis
Damage to basal ganglia system produces changes in what? ANSWER>>>>--Muscle tone
(most often an increase)
-Disturbances in posture and gait
-Bradykinesia (slowness or lack of spontaneous movements)
-Various involuntary movements
Damage to cerebellum causes what? ANSWER>>>>--Impaired coordination, gait, &
equilibrium
-Decreased muscle tone
Spinothalamic tract (define) ANSWER>>>>--Consists of smaller sensory neurons with
unmyelinated or thinly myelinated axons
-Registers pain, temperature, and crude touch
Posterior columns (define) ANSWER>>>>--Consist of larger neurons with heavily
myelinated axons
-Transmit sensations of vibration, proprioception, kinesthesia, pressure, and fine touch
4
