1
NUR 388 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100%
SOLVED ANSWERS/NEWEST UPDATE/GRADE A+
ASSURED
Health care-associated infections - (ANSWER)(previously called nosocomial
infections) are infections that are acquired as a result of exposure to a
microorganism in a hospital setting and typically occur within 72 hours of
hospitalization.
two tiers of isolation precautions - (ANSWER)--standard precautions
--transmission-based precautions
Standard Precautions - (ANSWER)-implemented with all clients
-primary strategy for preventing HAIs
-premise = all clients colonized/infected with microorganisms whether or not s/s
present
-hand hygiene
-glove use
-PPE use r/t expected degree of exposure to client excretions/secretions
-proper handling client equipment & linens
-environmental control
-preventing injury from sharp devices/needles
-appropriate client room assignments
,2
Transmission Based Precautions - (ANSWER)CDC precautions used in patients
known or suspected to be infected with pathogens that can be transmitted by
airborne, droplet, or contact routes; used in addition to standard precautions
Clostridium difficile - (ANSWER)-the most common cause of HAI in hospitals in
the USA
-infection typically preceded by abx use
-typical complaint/symptom is water diarrhea and abdominal cramps/tenderness
-contact precautions implemented
-dx -->stool sample/culture
-soap & water > hand sanitizer
-tx vancomycin and metronidazole
---probiotics can be helpful
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus - (ANSWER)-staph. aureus is a type of
bacteria found on people's skin
----typically harmless but can cause serious infections leading to sepsis or death
,3
-many are now colonized with MRSA (show no s/s of infection though)
-MRSA is resistant to several abx
-can be health care-associated OR community-associated
-contact precautions implemented
-dx-->need culture of affected wound/area
-tx-->vancomycin & linezolid
----VRSA now a threat as well
Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus - (ANSWER)-enterococci are normal flora
present in the intestines and female genital tract
----can produce significant dz if travel to/infect blood, wounds, or the urinary tract
----can produce significant dz if become resistant to abx such as Vanc
-spread via contact w/ contaminated surface/equipment OR from person-to-
person (contaminated hands)
----not spread through the air (coughing/sneezing)
, 4
-contact precautions implemented
-dx-->culture needed of suspected area (wound, blood, urine, or stool)
-tx-->ampicillin (a penicillin), gentamicin, or linezolid
What questions should you ask when considering infectious diseases of the heart?
- (ANSWER)what layer of the heart?
why is that layer important?
what valve of the heart?
where does that valve normally lead to/take blood?
Endocarditis - (ANSWER)inflammation/infection of the innermost layer/lining of
the heart.
What are the most common causes of Endocarditis? - (ANSWER)Staphylococcus
aureus + Streptococcus
can also be caused by fungi / viruses
Risk/Contributing Factors for Endocarditis - (ANSWER)- IV drug use
NUR 388 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100%
SOLVED ANSWERS/NEWEST UPDATE/GRADE A+
ASSURED
Health care-associated infections - (ANSWER)(previously called nosocomial
infections) are infections that are acquired as a result of exposure to a
microorganism in a hospital setting and typically occur within 72 hours of
hospitalization.
two tiers of isolation precautions - (ANSWER)--standard precautions
--transmission-based precautions
Standard Precautions - (ANSWER)-implemented with all clients
-primary strategy for preventing HAIs
-premise = all clients colonized/infected with microorganisms whether or not s/s
present
-hand hygiene
-glove use
-PPE use r/t expected degree of exposure to client excretions/secretions
-proper handling client equipment & linens
-environmental control
-preventing injury from sharp devices/needles
-appropriate client room assignments
,2
Transmission Based Precautions - (ANSWER)CDC precautions used in patients
known or suspected to be infected with pathogens that can be transmitted by
airborne, droplet, or contact routes; used in addition to standard precautions
Clostridium difficile - (ANSWER)-the most common cause of HAI in hospitals in
the USA
-infection typically preceded by abx use
-typical complaint/symptom is water diarrhea and abdominal cramps/tenderness
-contact precautions implemented
-dx -->stool sample/culture
-soap & water > hand sanitizer
-tx vancomycin and metronidazole
---probiotics can be helpful
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus - (ANSWER)-staph. aureus is a type of
bacteria found on people's skin
----typically harmless but can cause serious infections leading to sepsis or death
,3
-many are now colonized with MRSA (show no s/s of infection though)
-MRSA is resistant to several abx
-can be health care-associated OR community-associated
-contact precautions implemented
-dx-->need culture of affected wound/area
-tx-->vancomycin & linezolid
----VRSA now a threat as well
Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus - (ANSWER)-enterococci are normal flora
present in the intestines and female genital tract
----can produce significant dz if travel to/infect blood, wounds, or the urinary tract
----can produce significant dz if become resistant to abx such as Vanc
-spread via contact w/ contaminated surface/equipment OR from person-to-
person (contaminated hands)
----not spread through the air (coughing/sneezing)
, 4
-contact precautions implemented
-dx-->culture needed of suspected area (wound, blood, urine, or stool)
-tx-->ampicillin (a penicillin), gentamicin, or linezolid
What questions should you ask when considering infectious diseases of the heart?
- (ANSWER)what layer of the heart?
why is that layer important?
what valve of the heart?
where does that valve normally lead to/take blood?
Endocarditis - (ANSWER)inflammation/infection of the innermost layer/lining of
the heart.
What are the most common causes of Endocarditis? - (ANSWER)Staphylococcus
aureus + Streptococcus
can also be caused by fungi / viruses
Risk/Contributing Factors for Endocarditis - (ANSWER)- IV drug use
