N136 Exam 3 CANCER QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
all of this will be found in individuals who have been diagnosed
with cancer and have had some type of grading system
associated with that tumor
not a tool that stays the same throughout tumor development or
staging can change
Classification systems
suspisious mamagram, go into surgery and can not find tumor.
tumor based on imaging, but now can not be found
physician doing a breast exam thinks she feels something and
then does an ultra sound and cant pick anythiing up
Tx to T0
Reduce or avoid exposure to carcinogens (cigg smoking, aviod
second hand and third hand smoke)
Good nutrition (no hotdogs, or high nitrate types of foods, no
chared types of meets (hamburger well done), eat fruits veggies,
low saturated fat diet everything in moderation)
Exercise (at least 30 mins 5 days a week)
Sleep, relaxation, and leisure (8 hrs)
Health exams (@ least annual, mammagram, regular pap if
sexually active)
Reduce stress (do not want constant high cortosol levels)
,7 warning signs of cancer
self exams (self breast exams, self testicular sometimes you are
first person to recognize change)
Seek health care if changes occur
education
Change in bowel and bladder habits (blood In stool or urine,
diarreah, painful urination)
A sore that does not heal (mouth sores, sores on skin)
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lumps
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing (esophageal related)
Obvious change in wart or mole (especially one more
predisposed to bleeding or crusting)
Nagging cough or hoarseness
7 warining signs
Fine-needle aspiration (if tumor is acessable thru needle, 1st
noninvasive, give local anesthetic, (especially is percutaneous)
aspirtae so can look at cells under microscope)
Percutaneous biopsy (thru skin, taking more tissue than they are
just cells)
Endoscopic biopsy colonoscopy, endoscopy (GI), cystoscopy
(bladder) can take biopsy thru those procedures)
Large-core biopsy (biopsy removing more tissue)
, Incisional biopsy (PUNCH biopsy, if have skin or mole that they
don't like what it looks like. will take a large area around sus
mole, or might exise using scapul)
Excisional biopsy (more of a surgical removal, will take lymph
nodes or mass and exise entire lesion or mass if possible)
Surgical (pieces of tumor (crainiotomy, thorncotomy, where
under fp anesthesia and get pieces of tumor may be removed or
entire thing(
Biopsy, ways to diagnose cancer
Cure (may not always be possible)
Control (decrease spread or at least controlling cancer and
keeping in more localized regional area)
Palliative ( not curable) can not control cancer anymore, end of
life care, trying to keep patient confortable
Treatment Goals
Radiation
Chemotherapy
Surgical
Immunotherapy and targeted
Hormone
Hematopoietic
Growth factors & stem cell transplantation
treatment modailites
SOLUTIONS
all of this will be found in individuals who have been diagnosed
with cancer and have had some type of grading system
associated with that tumor
not a tool that stays the same throughout tumor development or
staging can change
Classification systems
suspisious mamagram, go into surgery and can not find tumor.
tumor based on imaging, but now can not be found
physician doing a breast exam thinks she feels something and
then does an ultra sound and cant pick anythiing up
Tx to T0
Reduce or avoid exposure to carcinogens (cigg smoking, aviod
second hand and third hand smoke)
Good nutrition (no hotdogs, or high nitrate types of foods, no
chared types of meets (hamburger well done), eat fruits veggies,
low saturated fat diet everything in moderation)
Exercise (at least 30 mins 5 days a week)
Sleep, relaxation, and leisure (8 hrs)
Health exams (@ least annual, mammagram, regular pap if
sexually active)
Reduce stress (do not want constant high cortosol levels)
,7 warning signs of cancer
self exams (self breast exams, self testicular sometimes you are
first person to recognize change)
Seek health care if changes occur
education
Change in bowel and bladder habits (blood In stool or urine,
diarreah, painful urination)
A sore that does not heal (mouth sores, sores on skin)
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lumps
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing (esophageal related)
Obvious change in wart or mole (especially one more
predisposed to bleeding or crusting)
Nagging cough or hoarseness
7 warining signs
Fine-needle aspiration (if tumor is acessable thru needle, 1st
noninvasive, give local anesthetic, (especially is percutaneous)
aspirtae so can look at cells under microscope)
Percutaneous biopsy (thru skin, taking more tissue than they are
just cells)
Endoscopic biopsy colonoscopy, endoscopy (GI), cystoscopy
(bladder) can take biopsy thru those procedures)
Large-core biopsy (biopsy removing more tissue)
, Incisional biopsy (PUNCH biopsy, if have skin or mole that they
don't like what it looks like. will take a large area around sus
mole, or might exise using scapul)
Excisional biopsy (more of a surgical removal, will take lymph
nodes or mass and exise entire lesion or mass if possible)
Surgical (pieces of tumor (crainiotomy, thorncotomy, where
under fp anesthesia and get pieces of tumor may be removed or
entire thing(
Biopsy, ways to diagnose cancer
Cure (may not always be possible)
Control (decrease spread or at least controlling cancer and
keeping in more localized regional area)
Palliative ( not curable) can not control cancer anymore, end of
life care, trying to keep patient confortable
Treatment Goals
Radiation
Chemotherapy
Surgical
Immunotherapy and targeted
Hormone
Hematopoietic
Growth factors & stem cell transplantation
treatment modailites
