LANA EXAM STUDY GUIDE
chyle - Answer -a milky fluid that results from the digestion and absorption of fats in the
small intestine
the lymphatic organs - Answer -lymph nodes, lymph vessels, thymus gland, spleen,
tonsils, peyer's patches
intrinsic contractility - Answer -lymphatic vessels are not propelled by a central pump;
also known as lymphangioactivity or lymphangiomotorcity
lymph capillaries - Answer -tiniest lymphatic vessels; closest to blood capillaries
anchoring filaments - Answer -hold endothelial cells to nearby structures
anchoring filaments mechanism - Answer -an increase in IF produces a pull, opening
pores and allowing an influx of fluid into the small vessels
characteristics of lymph capillaries - Answer -form a plexus throughout the body; larger
in diameter than blood capillaries; absorb IF; no valves so can flow in any direction
pre-collectors - Answer --channel lymph fluid into larger transporting vessels
-possess absorbing functions like capillaries
-smooth muscles and valves
how is drainage restored after damage? - Answer -existing collateral pathways;
development of new collateral pathways; regeneration of vessels
perforating pre-collectors - Answer -cross the muscle fascia and connect the superficial
and deep lymphatic divisions; allows lymph flow in all directions
three layers of collectors - Answer -tunica intima (endothelial), tunica media (smooth),
tunica externa (collagenous connective)
collectors - Answer -transporting lymph vessels; flow in 1 direction
lymphangion - Answer -functional unit of a lymph vessel that lies between two valves
lymph transport support - Answer -contraction of skeletal muscle; arterial pulsation;
respiratory pressure changes; negative pressure in central veins; external pressure
(MLD); production of new lymph
superficial collectors - Answer -located in subcutaneous fat tissue and drain the skin
and subcutis
, deep collectors - Answer -located subfascially; larger in diameter and drain muscle,
joints, and ligaments
largest lymph vessels - Answer -trunks and ducts
lymph trunk - Answer -collect fluid from organs, extremities, and related quadrants of
the trunk
thoracic duct - Answer -the largest lymphatic vessel in the body, collects lymph from
the left side of the head and neck, the upper left quadrant of the trunk, the left arm, the
entire lower portion of the trunk, and both legs (75% of LL)
cisterna chyli - Answer -an enlarged pouch on the thoracic duct that serves as a
storage area for lymph moving toward its point of entry into the venous system;
represents the joining of the left and right lumbar trunks; milky white
right lymphatic duct - Answer -receives lymph from the right upper part of the body
(25% of LL)
right and left jugular trunk - Answer -cervical lymph nodes to the thoracic duct (left) and
the right lymphatic duct (right)
right and left subclavian trunk - Answer -axillary lymph nodes to the thoracic duct (left)
and the right lymphatic duct (right)
right and left bronchomediastinal trunks - Answer -bronchi, lungs, and mediastinum to
the thoracic duct (left) and the right lymphatic duct (right)
lymph fluid - Answer -proteins, water, cells, waste products, fat
majority of lymph nodes are found in - Answer -the abdomen
regional lymph nodes - Answer -each group receives lymph from a specific region of
the body
functions of lymph nodes - Answer -serve as filtering stations for noxious matter;
produce lymphocytes (WBC); regulate concentration of protein in the lymph
axillary lymph node divisions - Answer -lateral axillary, subscapular, pectoral, central,
apical (infraclavicular)
head and neck lymph nodes - Answer -submental, submandibular, preauricular,
retroauricular, occipital, cervical
upper body lymph nodes - Answer -axillary, pectoral, cubital
chyle - Answer -a milky fluid that results from the digestion and absorption of fats in the
small intestine
the lymphatic organs - Answer -lymph nodes, lymph vessels, thymus gland, spleen,
tonsils, peyer's patches
intrinsic contractility - Answer -lymphatic vessels are not propelled by a central pump;
also known as lymphangioactivity or lymphangiomotorcity
lymph capillaries - Answer -tiniest lymphatic vessels; closest to blood capillaries
anchoring filaments - Answer -hold endothelial cells to nearby structures
anchoring filaments mechanism - Answer -an increase in IF produces a pull, opening
pores and allowing an influx of fluid into the small vessels
characteristics of lymph capillaries - Answer -form a plexus throughout the body; larger
in diameter than blood capillaries; absorb IF; no valves so can flow in any direction
pre-collectors - Answer --channel lymph fluid into larger transporting vessels
-possess absorbing functions like capillaries
-smooth muscles and valves
how is drainage restored after damage? - Answer -existing collateral pathways;
development of new collateral pathways; regeneration of vessels
perforating pre-collectors - Answer -cross the muscle fascia and connect the superficial
and deep lymphatic divisions; allows lymph flow in all directions
three layers of collectors - Answer -tunica intima (endothelial), tunica media (smooth),
tunica externa (collagenous connective)
collectors - Answer -transporting lymph vessels; flow in 1 direction
lymphangion - Answer -functional unit of a lymph vessel that lies between two valves
lymph transport support - Answer -contraction of skeletal muscle; arterial pulsation;
respiratory pressure changes; negative pressure in central veins; external pressure
(MLD); production of new lymph
superficial collectors - Answer -located in subcutaneous fat tissue and drain the skin
and subcutis
, deep collectors - Answer -located subfascially; larger in diameter and drain muscle,
joints, and ligaments
largest lymph vessels - Answer -trunks and ducts
lymph trunk - Answer -collect fluid from organs, extremities, and related quadrants of
the trunk
thoracic duct - Answer -the largest lymphatic vessel in the body, collects lymph from
the left side of the head and neck, the upper left quadrant of the trunk, the left arm, the
entire lower portion of the trunk, and both legs (75% of LL)
cisterna chyli - Answer -an enlarged pouch on the thoracic duct that serves as a
storage area for lymph moving toward its point of entry into the venous system;
represents the joining of the left and right lumbar trunks; milky white
right lymphatic duct - Answer -receives lymph from the right upper part of the body
(25% of LL)
right and left jugular trunk - Answer -cervical lymph nodes to the thoracic duct (left) and
the right lymphatic duct (right)
right and left subclavian trunk - Answer -axillary lymph nodes to the thoracic duct (left)
and the right lymphatic duct (right)
right and left bronchomediastinal trunks - Answer -bronchi, lungs, and mediastinum to
the thoracic duct (left) and the right lymphatic duct (right)
lymph fluid - Answer -proteins, water, cells, waste products, fat
majority of lymph nodes are found in - Answer -the abdomen
regional lymph nodes - Answer -each group receives lymph from a specific region of
the body
functions of lymph nodes - Answer -serve as filtering stations for noxious matter;
produce lymphocytes (WBC); regulate concentration of protein in the lymph
axillary lymph node divisions - Answer -lateral axillary, subscapular, pectoral, central,
apical (infraclavicular)
head and neck lymph nodes - Answer -submental, submandibular, preauricular,
retroauricular, occipital, cervical
upper body lymph nodes - Answer -axillary, pectoral, cubital
