N125 Exam 1 – Oxygenation + pharm Questions With
Complete Solutions
What is anemia?
inadequate O2 deilvery due to decreased RBC or Hgb volume
What causes anemia?
Acute or chronic blood loss, nutritional deficiencies, pregnancy
induced anemia, bone marrow supporession, destruction of cells
How does anemia present?
Depends on the cause.
Blood loss: compensatory mechanisms.
Nutritional deficit: brittle nails, cheilosis (iron), paresthesia
(B12), fatigue, SOB, palpitations (folic acid)
What are risk factors for anemia?
dietary deficiencies (picky eaters, socioeconomic factors),
alcohol abuse, major blood loss (chronic or acute)
How is anemia diagnosed?
CBC, serum iron, B12, folic acid levels
How is anemia treated?
Depends on cause.
Blood loss usually treated with infusions.
,Nutritional deficiencies usually corrected with supplements.
What are complications of anemia?
severe fatigue, heart problems, neurological abnormalities, death
What is pneumonia?
inflammation of the lung parenchyma
What causes pneumonia?
Infectious: virus, bacteria, fungus.
Non-infectious: aspiration
How does pneumonia present?
depends on the cause (bacterial = productive cough; viral = non-
productive cough)
Inflammatory response: mucus production, SOB due to
swelling, bloody sputum. Chest pain from cough.
Systemic: fever, malaise, cyanosis
What are risk factors for pneumonia?
Immunocompromised, smoker, recent abdominal surgery, recent
heart attack, alcohol use. Things that make deep breaths
hard/impossible. Prevention = vaccination
How is pneumonia diagnosed?
Chest x-ray, sputum culture (BEFORE ABX), CBC
How is pneumonia treated?
, ABX, bronchodilators, expectorants, cough suppressants, pain
meds. O2, hydration, incentive spirometer, percussion,
suctioning, postural drainage.
What are complications from pneumonia?
Septicemia, respiratory distress, pulmonary edema
What is COPD?
Progressive disorder that alters the structure of the respiratory
system -> chronic illness.
Increased mucus production and decreased cilia action.
Characterized by exacerbations that include increased sputum
and dyspnea
What causes COPD?
Air trapping from inflammation cause by prolonged irritant
exposure. Air trapping leads to hyperinflation which leads to
change in structure.
Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are the 2 disease processes
that make up COPD (one or both)
How will COPD present?
increased sputum and dyspnea.
Coughing (trying to get rid of the mucus buildup) barrel chest,
nail clubbing, tachypnea with prolonged expiration
Complete Solutions
What is anemia?
inadequate O2 deilvery due to decreased RBC or Hgb volume
What causes anemia?
Acute or chronic blood loss, nutritional deficiencies, pregnancy
induced anemia, bone marrow supporession, destruction of cells
How does anemia present?
Depends on the cause.
Blood loss: compensatory mechanisms.
Nutritional deficit: brittle nails, cheilosis (iron), paresthesia
(B12), fatigue, SOB, palpitations (folic acid)
What are risk factors for anemia?
dietary deficiencies (picky eaters, socioeconomic factors),
alcohol abuse, major blood loss (chronic or acute)
How is anemia diagnosed?
CBC, serum iron, B12, folic acid levels
How is anemia treated?
Depends on cause.
Blood loss usually treated with infusions.
,Nutritional deficiencies usually corrected with supplements.
What are complications of anemia?
severe fatigue, heart problems, neurological abnormalities, death
What is pneumonia?
inflammation of the lung parenchyma
What causes pneumonia?
Infectious: virus, bacteria, fungus.
Non-infectious: aspiration
How does pneumonia present?
depends on the cause (bacterial = productive cough; viral = non-
productive cough)
Inflammatory response: mucus production, SOB due to
swelling, bloody sputum. Chest pain from cough.
Systemic: fever, malaise, cyanosis
What are risk factors for pneumonia?
Immunocompromised, smoker, recent abdominal surgery, recent
heart attack, alcohol use. Things that make deep breaths
hard/impossible. Prevention = vaccination
How is pneumonia diagnosed?
Chest x-ray, sputum culture (BEFORE ABX), CBC
How is pneumonia treated?
, ABX, bronchodilators, expectorants, cough suppressants, pain
meds. O2, hydration, incentive spirometer, percussion,
suctioning, postural drainage.
What are complications from pneumonia?
Septicemia, respiratory distress, pulmonary edema
What is COPD?
Progressive disorder that alters the structure of the respiratory
system -> chronic illness.
Increased mucus production and decreased cilia action.
Characterized by exacerbations that include increased sputum
and dyspnea
What causes COPD?
Air trapping from inflammation cause by prolonged irritant
exposure. Air trapping leads to hyperinflation which leads to
change in structure.
Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are the 2 disease processes
that make up COPD (one or both)
How will COPD present?
increased sputum and dyspnea.
Coughing (trying to get rid of the mucus buildup) barrel chest,
nail clubbing, tachypnea with prolonged expiration
