BIOD171 (LATEST ) ESSENTIAL MICROBIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
PORTAGE LEARNING ALL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS |GRADED A+|
PASS!!
Which of the following are considered Protista? Select all that apply:
- Bacteria
- Amoeba
- Algae
- Yeast - ✔ANSWER - Amoeba
- Algae
True or False: A defining characteristic of Protista is the inability of colonies to form tissue layers -
✔ANSWER True
The function of the ribosome is (select all that apply):
- To produce energy (ATP)
- Lipid Synthesis
- Protein Synthesis
- Waste disposal via hydrolytic enzymes - ✔ANSWER - Protein synthesis: ribosomes are located in the
cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells and in the ER of eukaryotic cells.
Cell walls are found in which of the following (select all that apply):
- Algae
- Bacteria
- Mammalian cells
- Plants
- Fungi - ✔ANSWER - Algae
- Bacteria
- Plants
,- Fungi
The function of the mitochondria is (select all that apply):
- To produce energy
- Protein synthesis
- waste disposal via hydrolytic enzymes
- Protein modification and distribution
- lipid synthesis - ✔ANSWER - To produce energy: Mitochondria are considered the power plant of
the cell, as it produces ATP
True or False: All multicellular microorganisms classified as Animalia are autotrophic - ✔ANSWER
False - they are heterotrophic
How many ATP does the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle produce per pyruvate?
- 2 ATP
- 34 ATP
- 4 ATP
- 1 ATP - ✔ANSWER - 1 ATP: The TCA produces only 1 ATP per pyruvate
In the absence of glucose, which of the following can be used as alternative energy sources? Select all
that apply:
- Nucleic Acids
- Lactose
- Carbohydraes
- Lipids - ✔ANSWER - Lactose
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
True or False: The beta-oxidation pathway catabolizes the fatty acid chains of lipids - ✔ANSWER True
, True or False: Plants, algae and bacteria all contain chloroplasts - ✔ANSWER False - Chloroplasts are
specific to algae and plants only
The process of photophosphorylation produces which of the following: Select all that apply.
- ATP
- Glyceraidenhyde 3-phosphate
- NADPH
- H20
- C02 - ✔ANSWER - ATP
- NADPH
Short Answer: What is one of the main functions of light reactions? - ✔ANSWER - to generate ATP
via proton concentration gradient
True or False: The Calvin cycle must occur in the absence of light - ✔ANSWER False - the term "dark
reactions" (also known as the Calvin cycle) simply denotes the second stage in photosynthesis - dark
reactions do not actually require darkness in order to occur
True or False: Following the decolorization step of the Gram stain, Gram-negative bacteria will appear
colorless - ✔ANSWER True - even together, the LPS and thin peptidoglycan layer are unable to retain
the crystal violet dye during decolorization
True or False: if you wish to study motility of an organism you cannot heat fix, but you can chemically fix
the specimen? - ✔ANSWER False - both heat and chemical strategies will kill the cell, making motility
observations impossible
Short Answer: You want to observe the size and shape of a cell. What is the easiest staining technique
that you could perform? Name at least one dye you would use during this process. - ✔ANSWER
Simple stain - the dyes you could use could be:
- Methylene Blue
- Crystal Violet
, - Safranin
- Fuschin
Short Answer: You suspect a patient may have TB. Once a sample has been obtained, it is sent off to the
lab for an acid-fast stain. If the patient were infected with TB, describe what you would expect to see on
the stained slide - ✔ANSWER If the patient was infected with TB, I would expect to see red cells on
blue background of the stained slide (which is TB-)
True or False: If a patient is suspected of having malaria, a Giemsa stain would be an appropriate
differential test t perform - ✔ANSWER True - Giemsa stains are often used in clinical settings to aid in
the diagnosis of blood parasites
Short Answer: Identify what type of electron microscope was used to capture the following image and
explain your choice - ✔ANSWER Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). This is due to the
subcellular components being visible at 20nm. Further, this images lack the appearance of an "outside"
shell
True of False: The purpose of a quadrant streak is to produce individual colonies of a bacterial
population - ✔ANSWER True - the purpose of the quadrant streak is to generate individual colonies
such that a single (pure) bacterial sample can be isolated.
Short Answer: A dilution gradient is formed when carrying out what generalizing plating strategy? -
✔ANSWER Dilution gradients are formed when carrying out a quadrant streak.
In what phase of a dilution streak would you expect to find the lowest concentration of bacteria P2 or
P4? - ✔ANSWER P4 would contain the lowest concentration.
True or False: When performing a dilution streak a new (or sterilized) loop must be used for each phase?
- ✔ANSWER True - Failure to do so would prevent the establishment of a dilution gradient, as the
same bacterial concentration would be spread across both phase regions
Short Answer: In order to encourage growth of a slow growing microbe what might a researcher do
during a phase dilution streak? - ✔ANSWER The researcher could do one of two things:
- (1) The researcher could perform a 3-phase dilution streak
PORTAGE LEARNING ALL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS |GRADED A+|
PASS!!
Which of the following are considered Protista? Select all that apply:
- Bacteria
- Amoeba
- Algae
- Yeast - ✔ANSWER - Amoeba
- Algae
True or False: A defining characteristic of Protista is the inability of colonies to form tissue layers -
✔ANSWER True
The function of the ribosome is (select all that apply):
- To produce energy (ATP)
- Lipid Synthesis
- Protein Synthesis
- Waste disposal via hydrolytic enzymes - ✔ANSWER - Protein synthesis: ribosomes are located in the
cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells and in the ER of eukaryotic cells.
Cell walls are found in which of the following (select all that apply):
- Algae
- Bacteria
- Mammalian cells
- Plants
- Fungi - ✔ANSWER - Algae
- Bacteria
- Plants
,- Fungi
The function of the mitochondria is (select all that apply):
- To produce energy
- Protein synthesis
- waste disposal via hydrolytic enzymes
- Protein modification and distribution
- lipid synthesis - ✔ANSWER - To produce energy: Mitochondria are considered the power plant of
the cell, as it produces ATP
True or False: All multicellular microorganisms classified as Animalia are autotrophic - ✔ANSWER
False - they are heterotrophic
How many ATP does the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle produce per pyruvate?
- 2 ATP
- 34 ATP
- 4 ATP
- 1 ATP - ✔ANSWER - 1 ATP: The TCA produces only 1 ATP per pyruvate
In the absence of glucose, which of the following can be used as alternative energy sources? Select all
that apply:
- Nucleic Acids
- Lactose
- Carbohydraes
- Lipids - ✔ANSWER - Lactose
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
True or False: The beta-oxidation pathway catabolizes the fatty acid chains of lipids - ✔ANSWER True
, True or False: Plants, algae and bacteria all contain chloroplasts - ✔ANSWER False - Chloroplasts are
specific to algae and plants only
The process of photophosphorylation produces which of the following: Select all that apply.
- ATP
- Glyceraidenhyde 3-phosphate
- NADPH
- H20
- C02 - ✔ANSWER - ATP
- NADPH
Short Answer: What is one of the main functions of light reactions? - ✔ANSWER - to generate ATP
via proton concentration gradient
True or False: The Calvin cycle must occur in the absence of light - ✔ANSWER False - the term "dark
reactions" (also known as the Calvin cycle) simply denotes the second stage in photosynthesis - dark
reactions do not actually require darkness in order to occur
True or False: Following the decolorization step of the Gram stain, Gram-negative bacteria will appear
colorless - ✔ANSWER True - even together, the LPS and thin peptidoglycan layer are unable to retain
the crystal violet dye during decolorization
True or False: if you wish to study motility of an organism you cannot heat fix, but you can chemically fix
the specimen? - ✔ANSWER False - both heat and chemical strategies will kill the cell, making motility
observations impossible
Short Answer: You want to observe the size and shape of a cell. What is the easiest staining technique
that you could perform? Name at least one dye you would use during this process. - ✔ANSWER
Simple stain - the dyes you could use could be:
- Methylene Blue
- Crystal Violet
, - Safranin
- Fuschin
Short Answer: You suspect a patient may have TB. Once a sample has been obtained, it is sent off to the
lab for an acid-fast stain. If the patient were infected with TB, describe what you would expect to see on
the stained slide - ✔ANSWER If the patient was infected with TB, I would expect to see red cells on
blue background of the stained slide (which is TB-)
True or False: If a patient is suspected of having malaria, a Giemsa stain would be an appropriate
differential test t perform - ✔ANSWER True - Giemsa stains are often used in clinical settings to aid in
the diagnosis of blood parasites
Short Answer: Identify what type of electron microscope was used to capture the following image and
explain your choice - ✔ANSWER Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). This is due to the
subcellular components being visible at 20nm. Further, this images lack the appearance of an "outside"
shell
True of False: The purpose of a quadrant streak is to produce individual colonies of a bacterial
population - ✔ANSWER True - the purpose of the quadrant streak is to generate individual colonies
such that a single (pure) bacterial sample can be isolated.
Short Answer: A dilution gradient is formed when carrying out what generalizing plating strategy? -
✔ANSWER Dilution gradients are formed when carrying out a quadrant streak.
In what phase of a dilution streak would you expect to find the lowest concentration of bacteria P2 or
P4? - ✔ANSWER P4 would contain the lowest concentration.
True or False: When performing a dilution streak a new (or sterilized) loop must be used for each phase?
- ✔ANSWER True - Failure to do so would prevent the establishment of a dilution gradient, as the
same bacterial concentration would be spread across both phase regions
Short Answer: In order to encourage growth of a slow growing microbe what might a researcher do
during a phase dilution streak? - ✔ANSWER The researcher could do one of two things:
- (1) The researcher could perform a 3-phase dilution streak
