PERSONAL WELLNESS CHAPTER 7 ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
hunger - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the physiological impulse to seek food
appetite - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the learned desire to eat; normally accompanies hunger but is more
psychological than physiological
nutrition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the science that investigates the relationship between physiological
function and the essential elements of foods eaten
nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the constituents of food that sustain humans physiologically: water,
proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals
digestive process - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the process by which the body breaks down foods and either
absorbs them or excretes them
calorie - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a unit of measure that indicates the amount of energy obtained from a
particular food
dietary reference intakes (DRIs) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅set of recommended intakes for each nutrient
published by the Institute of Medicine
amino acids - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the nitrogen-containing building blocks of protein
essential amino acids - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the nine basic nitrogen-containing building blocks of
human proteins that must be obtained from foods
complete proteins - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅proteins that contain all nine of the essential amino acids
incomplete proteins - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅proteins that lack one or more of the essential amino
acids, derived from plant sources
, dehydration - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅loss of water from body tissues
proteins - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅large molecules made up of chains of amino acids; essential
constituents of all body cells
carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅basic nutrients that supply the body with glucose, the energy
form most commonly used to sustain normal activity, more quickly metabolized than proteins
simple carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a carbohydrate made up of only one sugar molecule, or
of two sugar molecules bonded together; also called simple sugars
disaccharides - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅combination of two monosaccharides
complex carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a carbohydrate consisting of long chains of
monosaccharides (sugar molecules); also called a polysaccharide, examples: starches, glycogen, and
fiber
starches - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅polysaccharides that are the storage forms of glucose in plants
glycogen - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the polysaccharide form in which glucose is stored in the liver and, to
a lesser extent, in muscles
fiber - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the indigestible portion of plant foods that helps move food through the
digestive system and softens stools by absorbing water, found in fruits, vegetables, nuts, and grains
whole grains - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅grains that are milled in their complete form and thus include the
bran, germ, and endosperm, with only the husk removed
triglycerides - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the most common form of fat in our food supply and in the body;
made up of a molecule called glycerol and three fatty acid chains; excess calories are converted into
triglycerides and stored as body fat
hunger - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the physiological impulse to seek food
appetite - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the learned desire to eat; normally accompanies hunger but is more
psychological than physiological
nutrition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the science that investigates the relationship between physiological
function and the essential elements of foods eaten
nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the constituents of food that sustain humans physiologically: water,
proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals
digestive process - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the process by which the body breaks down foods and either
absorbs them or excretes them
calorie - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a unit of measure that indicates the amount of energy obtained from a
particular food
dietary reference intakes (DRIs) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅set of recommended intakes for each nutrient
published by the Institute of Medicine
amino acids - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the nitrogen-containing building blocks of protein
essential amino acids - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the nine basic nitrogen-containing building blocks of
human proteins that must be obtained from foods
complete proteins - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅proteins that contain all nine of the essential amino acids
incomplete proteins - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅proteins that lack one or more of the essential amino
acids, derived from plant sources
, dehydration - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅loss of water from body tissues
proteins - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅large molecules made up of chains of amino acids; essential
constituents of all body cells
carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅basic nutrients that supply the body with glucose, the energy
form most commonly used to sustain normal activity, more quickly metabolized than proteins
simple carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a carbohydrate made up of only one sugar molecule, or
of two sugar molecules bonded together; also called simple sugars
disaccharides - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅combination of two monosaccharides
complex carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a carbohydrate consisting of long chains of
monosaccharides (sugar molecules); also called a polysaccharide, examples: starches, glycogen, and
fiber
starches - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅polysaccharides that are the storage forms of glucose in plants
glycogen - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the polysaccharide form in which glucose is stored in the liver and, to
a lesser extent, in muscles
fiber - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the indigestible portion of plant foods that helps move food through the
digestive system and softens stools by absorbing water, found in fruits, vegetables, nuts, and grains
whole grains - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅grains that are milled in their complete form and thus include the
bran, germ, and endosperm, with only the husk removed
triglycerides - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the most common form of fat in our food supply and in the body;
made up of a molecule called glycerol and three fatty acid chains; excess calories are converted into
triglycerides and stored as body fat
