Pharmacology NU 578 Unit 1-2: Questions With
Accurate Answer Solutions
Full term Accurate Answer:- 36-40 weeks gestation
Ganglionic blocking agents Accurate Answer:- Interrupt impulse
transmission through ganglia of the autonomic nervous system. They do this
by competing with Ach for binding to nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia.
Generic name Accurate Answer:- Assigned by US Adopted Names
Council. -each drug has only ONE -aka nonproprietary name or US Adopted
Name
Glomerular filtration Accurate Answer:- Moves drugs from the blood
into the tubular urine within the glomerulus of the Bowman's capsule.
Half life Accurate Answer:- The time it takes for a drug to be 50% of its
original concentration in the body. The time required for the amount of dug in
the body to decrease by 50%.
Hepatic metabolism Accurate Answer:- Is low in newborns.
Hepatic microsomal enzyme system Accurate Answer:- a.k.a. P450
system which an enzyme system consisting of 12 closely enzyme families in
the liver involved with metabolizing drugs. Cyochrome P450 is a key
component of the system. These enzymes are capable of catalyzing a wide
variety of reactions using drugs as substrate.
Hepatotoxic drugs Accurate Answer:- Drugs that cause injury to the
liver. Patients taking these should have liver function tests to check liver
enzymes: aspartate aminotransferase (AST, formerly known as SGOT) and
alanine aminotransferase (ALT, formerly known as SGPT).
Iatrogenic disease Accurate Answer:- A disease produced by drugs.
Idiosyncratic effect Accurate Answer:- An uncommon drug response
resulting from a genetic predisposition.
, Inactivation Accurate Answer:- Drug metabolism can convert
pharmacologically active compounds to inactive forms.
Induction Accurate Answer:- The process of stimulating liver enzyme
synthesis to increase the drug-metabolizing capacity of the liver.
Infants Accurate Answer:- weeks 5-52
Intramuscular administration Accurate Answer:- Absorption pattern:
rapidly or slowly depending on the water solubility of the drug and blood flow
to the site
Advantages to IM administration Accurate Answer:- Administration of
poorly soluble drugs, administration of depot preparations which absorb
slowly.
Barriers to IM administration Accurate Answer:- capillary walls
Disadvantages to IM administration Accurate Answer:- Discomfort and
inconvenience, can't be used on patients on anticoagulant therapy.
IM administration Accurate Answer:- Slow & erratic in neonates, rapid
in infants.
IV adminstration Accurate Answer:- Absorption pattern: instantaneous
and complete
Advantages to IV adminstration Accurate Answer:- Rapid onset and
precise control of drug levels in blood, ability to use large fluid volumes,
ability to administer drugs that would irritate tissues.
Barriers to IV administration Accurate Answer:- None since it is going
directly into the bloodstream
Disadvantages to IV administration Accurate Answer:- High cost,
difficulty, inconvenience, irreversible therefore dangerous, fluid overload,
infection, embolism. Can't take it back from body, inconvenient, difficult,
costly, risk of overload, infection, embolism.
Accurate Answer Solutions
Full term Accurate Answer:- 36-40 weeks gestation
Ganglionic blocking agents Accurate Answer:- Interrupt impulse
transmission through ganglia of the autonomic nervous system. They do this
by competing with Ach for binding to nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia.
Generic name Accurate Answer:- Assigned by US Adopted Names
Council. -each drug has only ONE -aka nonproprietary name or US Adopted
Name
Glomerular filtration Accurate Answer:- Moves drugs from the blood
into the tubular urine within the glomerulus of the Bowman's capsule.
Half life Accurate Answer:- The time it takes for a drug to be 50% of its
original concentration in the body. The time required for the amount of dug in
the body to decrease by 50%.
Hepatic metabolism Accurate Answer:- Is low in newborns.
Hepatic microsomal enzyme system Accurate Answer:- a.k.a. P450
system which an enzyme system consisting of 12 closely enzyme families in
the liver involved with metabolizing drugs. Cyochrome P450 is a key
component of the system. These enzymes are capable of catalyzing a wide
variety of reactions using drugs as substrate.
Hepatotoxic drugs Accurate Answer:- Drugs that cause injury to the
liver. Patients taking these should have liver function tests to check liver
enzymes: aspartate aminotransferase (AST, formerly known as SGOT) and
alanine aminotransferase (ALT, formerly known as SGPT).
Iatrogenic disease Accurate Answer:- A disease produced by drugs.
Idiosyncratic effect Accurate Answer:- An uncommon drug response
resulting from a genetic predisposition.
, Inactivation Accurate Answer:- Drug metabolism can convert
pharmacologically active compounds to inactive forms.
Induction Accurate Answer:- The process of stimulating liver enzyme
synthesis to increase the drug-metabolizing capacity of the liver.
Infants Accurate Answer:- weeks 5-52
Intramuscular administration Accurate Answer:- Absorption pattern:
rapidly or slowly depending on the water solubility of the drug and blood flow
to the site
Advantages to IM administration Accurate Answer:- Administration of
poorly soluble drugs, administration of depot preparations which absorb
slowly.
Barriers to IM administration Accurate Answer:- capillary walls
Disadvantages to IM administration Accurate Answer:- Discomfort and
inconvenience, can't be used on patients on anticoagulant therapy.
IM administration Accurate Answer:- Slow & erratic in neonates, rapid
in infants.
IV adminstration Accurate Answer:- Absorption pattern: instantaneous
and complete
Advantages to IV adminstration Accurate Answer:- Rapid onset and
precise control of drug levels in blood, ability to use large fluid volumes,
ability to administer drugs that would irritate tissues.
Barriers to IV administration Accurate Answer:- None since it is going
directly into the bloodstream
Disadvantages to IV administration Accurate Answer:- High cost,
difficulty, inconvenience, irreversible therefore dangerous, fluid overload,
infection, embolism. Can't take it back from body, inconvenient, difficult,
costly, risk of overload, infection, embolism.
