HESI BIOLOGY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (PROBLEM FULLY SOLVED) SEPTEMBER 2025/2026

HESI BIOLOGY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (PROBLEM FULLY SOLVED) SEPTEMBER 2025/2026 1. Which of the following statements regarding chemiosmosis in mitochondria is NOT correct? ATP synthase is powered by protons flowing through membrane channels Energy from ATP is used to transport protons to the intermembrane space Energy from the electron transport chain is used to transport protons to the intermembrane space An electrical gradient and a pH gradient both exist across the inner membrane : Energy from ATP is used to transport protons to the intermembrane space 2. Which chemicals are responsible for conveying an impulse along a nerve cell?: sodium and potassium 3. What type of genetic mutation occurs when a piece of DNA breaks off the chromosome and attaches to a different chromosome?: translocation 4. What is the first line of defense against invading bacteria?: the skin 5. What is the purpose of capping the 5' end of mRNA?: to protect the end of the strand from degradation 6. During what process does hydrolysis occur to provide electrons to chlorophyll, which subsequently absorb energy?: light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis 7. In photosynthesis, high-energy electrons move through electron transport chains to produce ATP and NADPH. Which of the following provides the energy to create high energy electrons?: Continues...