NURS 8022 - Patho - Exam 3
Study Guide (100% correct).
Questions
1. Question: What is the primary cause of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in type 1 diabetes?
Answer: Insulin deficiency
Rationale: Insulin deficiency leads to hyperglycemia, lipolysis, and ketone production,
causing metabolic acidosis.
2. Question: What is a key clinical manifestation of hyperthyroidism?
Answer: Weight loss
Rationale: Increased metabolic rate in hyperthyroidism causes weight loss despite
increased appetite.
3. Question: What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism of Cushing’s syndrome?
Answer: Excess cortisol
Rationale: Hypercortisolism leads to metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune
dysfunction.
4. Question: What is a common symptom of hypothyroidism?
Answer: Fatigue
Rationale: Reduced thyroid hormone slows metabolism, causing fatigue and lethargy.
5. Question: What is the hallmark laboratory finding in Addison’s disease?
Answer: Hyponatremia
Rationale: Adrenal insufficiency reduces aldosterone, leading to sodium loss and
hyponatremia.
, 6. Question: What is the primary cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in prerenal failure?
Answer: Decreased renal perfusion
Rationale: Hypoperfusion from dehydration or shock reduces glomerular filtration rate.
7. Question: What is a key symptom of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
Answer: Edema
Rationale: Reduced kidney function impairs fluid and sodium excretion, causing edema.
8. Question: What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism of glomerulonephritis?
Answer: Immune-mediated glomerular inflammation
Rationale: Immune complexes deposit in glomeruli, triggering inflammation and
damage.
9. Question: What is a common complication of diabetic nephropathy?
Answer: Proteinuria
Rationale: Glomerular damage in diabetes leads to protein leakage into urine.
10. Question: What is the primary cause of urinary tract obstruction?
Answer: Kidney stones
Rationale: Kidney stones block urine flow, causing hydronephrosis and potential kidney
damage.
11. Question: What is a key symptom of pyelonephritis?
Answer: Fever
Rationale: Bacterial infection in the renal pelvis causes systemic symptoms like fever.
12. Question: What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism of peptic ulcer disease?
Answer: Mucosal barrier disruption
Rationale: H. pylori or NSAIDs impair the gastric mucosa, allowing acid damage.
Study Guide (100% correct).
Questions
1. Question: What is the primary cause of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in type 1 diabetes?
Answer: Insulin deficiency
Rationale: Insulin deficiency leads to hyperglycemia, lipolysis, and ketone production,
causing metabolic acidosis.
2. Question: What is a key clinical manifestation of hyperthyroidism?
Answer: Weight loss
Rationale: Increased metabolic rate in hyperthyroidism causes weight loss despite
increased appetite.
3. Question: What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism of Cushing’s syndrome?
Answer: Excess cortisol
Rationale: Hypercortisolism leads to metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune
dysfunction.
4. Question: What is a common symptom of hypothyroidism?
Answer: Fatigue
Rationale: Reduced thyroid hormone slows metabolism, causing fatigue and lethargy.
5. Question: What is the hallmark laboratory finding in Addison’s disease?
Answer: Hyponatremia
Rationale: Adrenal insufficiency reduces aldosterone, leading to sodium loss and
hyponatremia.
, 6. Question: What is the primary cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in prerenal failure?
Answer: Decreased renal perfusion
Rationale: Hypoperfusion from dehydration or shock reduces glomerular filtration rate.
7. Question: What is a key symptom of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
Answer: Edema
Rationale: Reduced kidney function impairs fluid and sodium excretion, causing edema.
8. Question: What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism of glomerulonephritis?
Answer: Immune-mediated glomerular inflammation
Rationale: Immune complexes deposit in glomeruli, triggering inflammation and
damage.
9. Question: What is a common complication of diabetic nephropathy?
Answer: Proteinuria
Rationale: Glomerular damage in diabetes leads to protein leakage into urine.
10. Question: What is the primary cause of urinary tract obstruction?
Answer: Kidney stones
Rationale: Kidney stones block urine flow, causing hydronephrosis and potential kidney
damage.
11. Question: What is a key symptom of pyelonephritis?
Answer: Fever
Rationale: Bacterial infection in the renal pelvis causes systemic symptoms like fever.
12. Question: What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism of peptic ulcer disease?
Answer: Mucosal barrier disruption
Rationale: H. pylori or NSAIDs impair the gastric mucosa, allowing acid damage.
