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Urinary cast - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔"Urinary cast"
Acute glomerulonephritis - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔RBC cast
Dysmorphic RBC - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Acute glomerulonephritis
DDx. IgA nephropathy
Lupus nephritis, post infectious glomerulonephritis
Dysmorphic RBC - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Identify urinary sediment
WBC cast - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Identify
Pyelonephritis - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Urine sediment (WBC cast)
nephrotic syndrome - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Sediments
,Chronic kidney disease - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Broad cast
uric acid crystal - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Diamond-shaped, rhombic prism
*Pathology*:
Acute setting --> tumor lysis syndrome
Chronic setting --> Gouty arthritis with hyperuricemia
Acute tubular necrosis - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Muddy brown cast
Tripple phosphate crystal - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Identify
Struvite stone - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Crystal Proteus spp
Calcium oxalate crystal - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Identify
envelopes-shaped crystal
ethylene glycol - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔crystal (star fruit ingestion)
multiple myeloma - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔PE: pallor, no Jx, no point of tenderness
*CBC* : Hb 9 Hct 26% MCV 82 WBC 8,800
,Na 128 K 3.0 Ca 12.8 Albumin 3.0 Globulin 9.0
RBC: NCNC, Rouleaux formation seen
DHF - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔V/S: *BT 40.0 C*
CBC: *HCT 48* *WBC 3,000* PMN 40% *Plt. 85,000*
*RBC*: stomatocyte 1+, normochromic
*WBC*: *Atypical lymphocyte*
*Plt*: adequate
*Diagnosis* ______
Iron deficiency anemia - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔PE: moderate pallor, no Jx, *SEM
gr. III LUPSB*
CBC: *Hct 15%* MCV 70 WBC 7,500 PMN 70% *Plt 560,000*
*RBC* : microcyte 3+, hypochromic 2+, anisocytosis 2+, elliptocyte 1+
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, *WBC*: Neutrophil predominate, normal morphology
*Plt* : increased platelet smear
*Diagnosis* _______
AML - acute myeloid leukemia - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔PE: BT 38, moderate pallor,
no Jx, *ecchymosis all extremities*
CBC: Hct 27% MCV 84 *WBC 3000* *LYMP 80%* *Plt 90,000*
*RBC* : microcyte 1+, schistocyte few
*WBC* : Matured Neutrophil not seen, Promyelocyte seen, Auer's rod
seen, fagot cell seen
*Plt* : decreased platelet smear
*Diagnosis* _____
Thalassemia major - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔PE: *Marked pallor*,*moderate Jx* *
hepatomegaly* spleen can't be palpated
CBC: *Hct 17* *MCV 60* WBC 7,800 Plt 450,000