PHARM 422 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
What are the functions of the sympathetic nervous system? - Answer -Pupil dilation,
bronchiole dilation, increased heart rate, increased blood glucose concentration,
increased blood to skeletal muscles, slows peristaltic action, decreases glandular
secretions, decrease blood to digestive organs, relaxes muscles of the gallbladder and
urinary bladder.
What are the functions of the parasympathetic nervous system? - Answer -Constrict
pupils, constrict bronchioles, decreased heart rate, decreased blood glucose
concentration, decreased blood to skeletal muscles, increase peristaltic action, increase
glandular secretions, increase blood to digestive organs, contracts muscles of the
gallbladder and urinary bladder.
What system does the preganglionic arise from the brainstem and sacral region of the
spinal cord to join the nerve fibers (postganglionic) in the muscles and glands? -
Answer -Parasympathetic Nervous System
What system does the preganglionic arise from thoracic and lumbar regions of the
spinal cord to join a prevertebral ganglion, then from here nerve fibers exit
(postganglionic) and connect to the vital organs? - Answer -Sympathetic Nervous
System
What system regulates unconscious body functions to maintain homeostasis? - Answer
-Autonomic Nervous System
What will block sympathetic nervous system? - Answer -Antagonists
What will enhance sympathetic nervous system? - Answer -Agonists
Beta-2 Receptors - Answer -Neurotransmitter receptor- adrenergic
Trachea & Bronchioles: Relaxation
Pregnant/Non-pregnant Uterus: Relaxation
Arterioles (except in skin/brain) & veins: Dilation
Beta-1 Receptors - Answer -Neurotransmitter receptor- adrenergic
Heart: Increased contractility, rate, conduction velocity, automaticity
Kidney: Increased renin secretion
Beta-adrenergic - Answer -Neurotransmitter receptor- adrenergic
Vasodilation of skeletal muscle vessels, increase heart rate and contractility,
bronchodilation
Muscarinic - Answer -Neurotransmitter receptor- Cholinergic
, Acetylcholine transmits all parasympathetic signals to end organs by binding these
receptors.
Nicotinic - Answer -Neurotransmitter receptor- Cholinergic
Acetylcholine transmits both sympathetic and parasympathetic impulses from the
preganglionic neurons in brain and spinal cord.
Alpha-1 Receptors - Answer -Neurotransmitter receptors
Arterioles & veins: Constrict
Glands: Decreased secretions
Eyes: Constriction of radial muscle
Intestine: Decreased motility
Alpha-2 Receptors - Answer -Neurotransmitter receptors
CNS postsynaptic terminals: Decreased sympathetic outflow from brain.
CNS presynaptic terminals: Decreased norepinephrine release.
Beta islet of cells of Pancreas: Decreased secretion
Alpha-adrenergic - Answer -Neurotransmitter receptor
Vasoconstriction of smooth muscle in blood vessels of skin and visceral organs.
Norepinephrine - Answer -ANS Neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitter in sympathetic postganglionic neurons.
-Heart, blood vessels
Acetylcholine - Answer -ANS Neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitter in the preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons, as
well as postganglionic parasympathetic neurons, motor neurons
-sympathetic: smooth muscle, heart, sweat glands, adrenal medulla
-parasympathetic: smooth muscle, heart
-Also Motor- skeletal muscle
Parasympathetic Nervous System - Answer -"Feed & Breed/Rest & Digest"
-Increased secretions
-Bronchioles constrict
-Heart Rate decreases
-GI motility increases
Sympathetic Nervous System - Answer -"Fight or Flight"
-Pupils constrict
-Heart rate increases
-Bronchodilation
-GI motility
-Secretions decrease
Noncompetitive - Answer -Irreversible, permanent receptor binding
What are the functions of the sympathetic nervous system? - Answer -Pupil dilation,
bronchiole dilation, increased heart rate, increased blood glucose concentration,
increased blood to skeletal muscles, slows peristaltic action, decreases glandular
secretions, decrease blood to digestive organs, relaxes muscles of the gallbladder and
urinary bladder.
What are the functions of the parasympathetic nervous system? - Answer -Constrict
pupils, constrict bronchioles, decreased heart rate, decreased blood glucose
concentration, decreased blood to skeletal muscles, increase peristaltic action, increase
glandular secretions, increase blood to digestive organs, contracts muscles of the
gallbladder and urinary bladder.
What system does the preganglionic arise from the brainstem and sacral region of the
spinal cord to join the nerve fibers (postganglionic) in the muscles and glands? -
Answer -Parasympathetic Nervous System
What system does the preganglionic arise from thoracic and lumbar regions of the
spinal cord to join a prevertebral ganglion, then from here nerve fibers exit
(postganglionic) and connect to the vital organs? - Answer -Sympathetic Nervous
System
What system regulates unconscious body functions to maintain homeostasis? - Answer
-Autonomic Nervous System
What will block sympathetic nervous system? - Answer -Antagonists
What will enhance sympathetic nervous system? - Answer -Agonists
Beta-2 Receptors - Answer -Neurotransmitter receptor- adrenergic
Trachea & Bronchioles: Relaxation
Pregnant/Non-pregnant Uterus: Relaxation
Arterioles (except in skin/brain) & veins: Dilation
Beta-1 Receptors - Answer -Neurotransmitter receptor- adrenergic
Heart: Increased contractility, rate, conduction velocity, automaticity
Kidney: Increased renin secretion
Beta-adrenergic - Answer -Neurotransmitter receptor- adrenergic
Vasodilation of skeletal muscle vessels, increase heart rate and contractility,
bronchodilation
Muscarinic - Answer -Neurotransmitter receptor- Cholinergic
, Acetylcholine transmits all parasympathetic signals to end organs by binding these
receptors.
Nicotinic - Answer -Neurotransmitter receptor- Cholinergic
Acetylcholine transmits both sympathetic and parasympathetic impulses from the
preganglionic neurons in brain and spinal cord.
Alpha-1 Receptors - Answer -Neurotransmitter receptors
Arterioles & veins: Constrict
Glands: Decreased secretions
Eyes: Constriction of radial muscle
Intestine: Decreased motility
Alpha-2 Receptors - Answer -Neurotransmitter receptors
CNS postsynaptic terminals: Decreased sympathetic outflow from brain.
CNS presynaptic terminals: Decreased norepinephrine release.
Beta islet of cells of Pancreas: Decreased secretion
Alpha-adrenergic - Answer -Neurotransmitter receptor
Vasoconstriction of smooth muscle in blood vessels of skin and visceral organs.
Norepinephrine - Answer -ANS Neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitter in sympathetic postganglionic neurons.
-Heart, blood vessels
Acetylcholine - Answer -ANS Neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitter in the preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons, as
well as postganglionic parasympathetic neurons, motor neurons
-sympathetic: smooth muscle, heart, sweat glands, adrenal medulla
-parasympathetic: smooth muscle, heart
-Also Motor- skeletal muscle
Parasympathetic Nervous System - Answer -"Feed & Breed/Rest & Digest"
-Increased secretions
-Bronchioles constrict
-Heart Rate decreases
-GI motility increases
Sympathetic Nervous System - Answer -"Fight or Flight"
-Pupils constrict
-Heart rate increases
-Bronchodilation
-GI motility
-Secretions decrease
Noncompetitive - Answer -Irreversible, permanent receptor binding
