CSIS482 - Capstone Exam 2 questions
and answers already passed
80-20 rule - correct answer ✔✔80% maintenance, 20% development
Adaptive maintenance - correct answer ✔✔From Selah:
Adaptive maintenance activities involve adapting software to another operating environment or
to a new software or hardware paradigm or technology. Configuring the software to deal with a
new user interface technology or to be ported to another operating system are considered
adaptive maintenance activities as well. Typically, these activities are wide in scope and effort
and are triggered by upper management decisions influenced by market- or technology-driven
choices. Ideally, these activities require new or modified interface specifications followed by
design and code changes as well as a complete system testing. Adaptive maintenance activities
could be scheduled activities according to a long-term software evolution and market
penetration plan for the software development organization.
From Swebok:
Adaptive maintenance: modification of a software product performed after delivery to keep a
software product usable in a changed or changing environment. For example, the operating
system might be upgraded and some changes to the software may be necessary
Alpha test - correct answer ✔✔first stage of testing before a product is considered ready for
commercial or operational use
Beta test - correct answer ✔✔In software development, a beta test is the second phase of
software testing in which a sampling of the intended audience tries the product out. Beta
testing is also sometimes referred to as user acceptance testing ( UAT ) or end user testing. In
this phase of software development, applications are subjected to real world testing by the
intended audience for the software. The experiences of the early users are forwarded back to
,the developers who make final changes before releasing the software commercially.For in-
house testing, volunteers or paid test subjects use the software.
For widely-distributed software, developers may make the test version available for
downloading and free trial over the Web. Another purpose of making software widely available
in this way is to provide a preview and possibly create some buzz for the final product
Bottom-up integration - correct answer ✔✔Bottom-up integration is a method of system
integration for testing. In bottom-up integration, the lower level modules are unit tested as they
are developed. Because the modules are very loosely coupled, the method of their connection
can easily change at a later date. The modules being developed and tested independently also
allows for excellent code reuse. One of the main drawbacks with this method of integration is
that it can be difficult to see how the modules should logically connect.
Checklists - correct answer ✔✔Pre-defined part of the software development process. Can also
be considered an internal standard to use during SQA reviews. There is usually one checklist for
each deliverable. Typical checklists: coding standards,
- design document
- GUI or usability
- test plans
- requirements document
Moreover, specific checklists can be adopted to review software security, performance, and
fault-tolerance checklists. These checklists provide an emphasis on the specific requirements
that are critical to the software under development. These checklists must be reviewed
periodically or at any time there are changes to the standards upon which they are built.
Consumer reuse - correct answer ✔✔Reuse components initially developed for other projects.
Four key characteristics to check about components to reuse - does the component perform the
function or
, provide the data needed? - is it less modification than building the component from scratch? - is
the component well-documented? - is there a complete record of the component's test and
revision history?
Corrective maintenance - correct answer ✔✔Corrective maintenance activities involve the
diagnosing of reported software errors and making the necessary changes to fix them. Typically,
software errors are reported by the users after encountering them during software use. Other
errors might have been found by software testers prior to the delivery and deployment of the
software in the market and these reported errors are scheduled by the maintenance team
manager for resolution. However, sometimes high-impact and critical errors affecting the
software operation or high-profile users are encountered and reported by the client. Due to
their importance, the maintenance team manager might initiate an unscheduled corrective
maintenance activity to deal with these errors.
Design by contract - correct answer ✔✔Design By Contract (DbC) is a software correctness
methodology. It uses preconditions and postconditions to document (or programmatically
assert) the change in state caused by a piece of a program.
Environmental tests - correct answer ✔✔Tests for compliance to environmental constraints
which are UR that are not FUR
Failure - correct answer ✔✔Definition: Failure occurs when a system or component is unable to
perform its function as per its requirements (Setskill.com).
Explanation: There is one main distinction between failure, bugs, faults, errors, etc. A failure
causes the software to no longer complete fulfil its determined requirements. Bugs, errors, and
faults can cause undesired behavior, but a failure renders the software unfit for deployment
until addressed.
Fault - correct answer ✔✔A manifestation of an error in software. An incorrect step, process, or
data definition in a computer program. A defect in a hardware device or component
and answers already passed
80-20 rule - correct answer ✔✔80% maintenance, 20% development
Adaptive maintenance - correct answer ✔✔From Selah:
Adaptive maintenance activities involve adapting software to another operating environment or
to a new software or hardware paradigm or technology. Configuring the software to deal with a
new user interface technology or to be ported to another operating system are considered
adaptive maintenance activities as well. Typically, these activities are wide in scope and effort
and are triggered by upper management decisions influenced by market- or technology-driven
choices. Ideally, these activities require new or modified interface specifications followed by
design and code changes as well as a complete system testing. Adaptive maintenance activities
could be scheduled activities according to a long-term software evolution and market
penetration plan for the software development organization.
From Swebok:
Adaptive maintenance: modification of a software product performed after delivery to keep a
software product usable in a changed or changing environment. For example, the operating
system might be upgraded and some changes to the software may be necessary
Alpha test - correct answer ✔✔first stage of testing before a product is considered ready for
commercial or operational use
Beta test - correct answer ✔✔In software development, a beta test is the second phase of
software testing in which a sampling of the intended audience tries the product out. Beta
testing is also sometimes referred to as user acceptance testing ( UAT ) or end user testing. In
this phase of software development, applications are subjected to real world testing by the
intended audience for the software. The experiences of the early users are forwarded back to
,the developers who make final changes before releasing the software commercially.For in-
house testing, volunteers or paid test subjects use the software.
For widely-distributed software, developers may make the test version available for
downloading and free trial over the Web. Another purpose of making software widely available
in this way is to provide a preview and possibly create some buzz for the final product
Bottom-up integration - correct answer ✔✔Bottom-up integration is a method of system
integration for testing. In bottom-up integration, the lower level modules are unit tested as they
are developed. Because the modules are very loosely coupled, the method of their connection
can easily change at a later date. The modules being developed and tested independently also
allows for excellent code reuse. One of the main drawbacks with this method of integration is
that it can be difficult to see how the modules should logically connect.
Checklists - correct answer ✔✔Pre-defined part of the software development process. Can also
be considered an internal standard to use during SQA reviews. There is usually one checklist for
each deliverable. Typical checklists: coding standards,
- design document
- GUI or usability
- test plans
- requirements document
Moreover, specific checklists can be adopted to review software security, performance, and
fault-tolerance checklists. These checklists provide an emphasis on the specific requirements
that are critical to the software under development. These checklists must be reviewed
periodically or at any time there are changes to the standards upon which they are built.
Consumer reuse - correct answer ✔✔Reuse components initially developed for other projects.
Four key characteristics to check about components to reuse - does the component perform the
function or
, provide the data needed? - is it less modification than building the component from scratch? - is
the component well-documented? - is there a complete record of the component's test and
revision history?
Corrective maintenance - correct answer ✔✔Corrective maintenance activities involve the
diagnosing of reported software errors and making the necessary changes to fix them. Typically,
software errors are reported by the users after encountering them during software use. Other
errors might have been found by software testers prior to the delivery and deployment of the
software in the market and these reported errors are scheduled by the maintenance team
manager for resolution. However, sometimes high-impact and critical errors affecting the
software operation or high-profile users are encountered and reported by the client. Due to
their importance, the maintenance team manager might initiate an unscheduled corrective
maintenance activity to deal with these errors.
Design by contract - correct answer ✔✔Design By Contract (DbC) is a software correctness
methodology. It uses preconditions and postconditions to document (or programmatically
assert) the change in state caused by a piece of a program.
Environmental tests - correct answer ✔✔Tests for compliance to environmental constraints
which are UR that are not FUR
Failure - correct answer ✔✔Definition: Failure occurs when a system or component is unable to
perform its function as per its requirements (Setskill.com).
Explanation: There is one main distinction between failure, bugs, faults, errors, etc. A failure
causes the software to no longer complete fulfil its determined requirements. Bugs, errors, and
faults can cause undesired behavior, but a failure renders the software unfit for deployment
until addressed.
Fault - correct answer ✔✔A manifestation of an error in software. An incorrect step, process, or
data definition in a computer program. A defect in a hardware device or component
