WGU D426 - Data Management Foundations –
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latest update
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Data
numeric, textual, visual, or audio information that describes real-world
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
systems.
analog
Historically, data was mostly ______________, encoded as continuous
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
variations on various physical media.
|\ |\ |\ |\
digital
Today, data is mostly ______________, encoded as zeros and ones on
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
electronic and magnetic media.|\ |\ |\
database
a collection of data in a structured format. In principle, can be stored on
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
paper or even clay tablets. In practice, however, modern ones are invariably
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
stored on computers.
|\ |\
database system / database management system / DBMS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
software that reads and writes data in a database. ensure data is secure,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
internally consistent, and available at all times. These functions are
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
challenging for large databases with many users, so data base systems are
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
complex.
database application|\
software that helps business users interact with database systems.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
database administrator
|\
,- responsible for securing the database system against unauthorized users.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- enforces procedures for user access and database system availability.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
database designer |\
determines the format of each data element and the overall database
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
structure. Must balance several priorities, including storage, response time,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and support for rules that govern the data. Since these priorities often
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
conflict, database design is technically challenging.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
database programmer |\
develops computer programs that utilize a database.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
database user |\
- a consumer of data in a database.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
request, update, or use stored data to generate reports or information.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- usually access the database via applications but can also submit queries
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
directly to the database system.
|\ |\ |\ |\
transaction
a group of queries that must be either completed or rejected as a whole.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Execution of some, but not all, queries results in inconsistent or incorrect
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
data.
query processor |\
- interprets queries, creates a plan to modify the database or retrieve data,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and returns query results to the application.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- manages connections from multiple users and compiles queries into low-
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
level instructions for the storage engine.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
query optimization |\
The query processor performs ______________ to ensure the most efficient
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
instructions are executed on the data. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
indexes
,used by the storage manager to quickly locate data.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
transaction manager |\
ensures transactions are properly executed.
|\ |\ |\ |\
log
a file containing a complete record of all inserts, updates, and deletes
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
processed by the database. |\ |\ |\
relational database |\
stores data in tables, columns, and rows, similar to a spreadsheet.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
SQL
includes statements that read and write data, create and delete tables, and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
administer the database system. |\ |\ |\
big data |\
The growth of the internet in the 1990s generated massive volumes of online
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
data, often with poorly structured or missing information.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
NoSQL
The newer non-relational systems, for 'not only SQL', and are optimized for
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
big data. |\
Open source |\
software that anyone can inspect, copy, and modify with no licensing fee.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
query
a command for a database that typically inserts new data, retrieves data,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
updates data, or deletes data from a database.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
query language |\
a computer programming language for writing database queries.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, CRUD
The four common queries are an acronym for Create, Read, Update, and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Delete data. |\
SELECT
retrieves data from a table. |\ |\ |\ |\
UPDATE
modifies data in a table. |\ |\ |\ |\
CREATE TABLE |\
creates a new table by specifying the table and column names.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
data type |\
Each column is assigned a ______________ that indicates the format of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
column values and can be numeric, textual, or complex.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
database design |\
a specification of database objects such as tables, columns, data types, and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
indexes. Also refers to the process used to develop the specification.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
analysis
specifies database requirements without regard to a specific database system.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ER diagrams
|\
depicts entities, relationships, and attributes.
|\ |\ |\ |\
logical design |\
implements database requirements in a specific database system. specifies
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
tables, columns, and keys.
|\ |\ |\
key
a column used to identify individual rows of a table.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
latest update
|\ |\
Data
numeric, textual, visual, or audio information that describes real-world
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
systems.
analog
Historically, data was mostly ______________, encoded as continuous
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
variations on various physical media.
|\ |\ |\ |\
digital
Today, data is mostly ______________, encoded as zeros and ones on
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
electronic and magnetic media.|\ |\ |\
database
a collection of data in a structured format. In principle, can be stored on
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
paper or even clay tablets. In practice, however, modern ones are invariably
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
stored on computers.
|\ |\
database system / database management system / DBMS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
software that reads and writes data in a database. ensure data is secure,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
internally consistent, and available at all times. These functions are
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
challenging for large databases with many users, so data base systems are
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
complex.
database application|\
software that helps business users interact with database systems.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
database administrator
|\
,- responsible for securing the database system against unauthorized users.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- enforces procedures for user access and database system availability.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
database designer |\
determines the format of each data element and the overall database
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
structure. Must balance several priorities, including storage, response time,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and support for rules that govern the data. Since these priorities often
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
conflict, database design is technically challenging.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
database programmer |\
develops computer programs that utilize a database.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
database user |\
- a consumer of data in a database.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
request, update, or use stored data to generate reports or information.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- usually access the database via applications but can also submit queries
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
directly to the database system.
|\ |\ |\ |\
transaction
a group of queries that must be either completed or rejected as a whole.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Execution of some, but not all, queries results in inconsistent or incorrect
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
data.
query processor |\
- interprets queries, creates a plan to modify the database or retrieve data,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and returns query results to the application.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- manages connections from multiple users and compiles queries into low-
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
level instructions for the storage engine.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
query optimization |\
The query processor performs ______________ to ensure the most efficient
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
instructions are executed on the data. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
indexes
,used by the storage manager to quickly locate data.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
transaction manager |\
ensures transactions are properly executed.
|\ |\ |\ |\
log
a file containing a complete record of all inserts, updates, and deletes
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
processed by the database. |\ |\ |\
relational database |\
stores data in tables, columns, and rows, similar to a spreadsheet.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
SQL
includes statements that read and write data, create and delete tables, and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
administer the database system. |\ |\ |\
big data |\
The growth of the internet in the 1990s generated massive volumes of online
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
data, often with poorly structured or missing information.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
NoSQL
The newer non-relational systems, for 'not only SQL', and are optimized for
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
big data. |\
Open source |\
software that anyone can inspect, copy, and modify with no licensing fee.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
query
a command for a database that typically inserts new data, retrieves data,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
updates data, or deletes data from a database.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
query language |\
a computer programming language for writing database queries.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, CRUD
The four common queries are an acronym for Create, Read, Update, and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Delete data. |\
SELECT
retrieves data from a table. |\ |\ |\ |\
UPDATE
modifies data in a table. |\ |\ |\ |\
CREATE TABLE |\
creates a new table by specifying the table and column names.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
data type |\
Each column is assigned a ______________ that indicates the format of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
column values and can be numeric, textual, or complex.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
database design |\
a specification of database objects such as tables, columns, data types, and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
indexes. Also refers to the process used to develop the specification.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
analysis
specifies database requirements without regard to a specific database system.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ER diagrams
|\
depicts entities, relationships, and attributes.
|\ |\ |\ |\
logical design |\
implements database requirements in a specific database system. specifies
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
tables, columns, and keys.
|\ |\ |\
key
a column used to identify individual rows of a table.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
