READING GUIDE 1
, NSG 3480 Reading Guide
1. Nursing Theories: purpose is to improve quality of practice.
a. Critical Theoretical Perspective: societal awareness to expose social
inequalities.
b. Pender HPM: 7 variables (perceived benefits, barriers, self-efficacy, etc.)
c. Milio’s Framework: examines personal and societal resources of patient.
d. Freire’s Approach to Empowerment: active participation is required for
effective learning.
2. Public Health Principles
a. Risk factors in US: all leading COD are r/t lifestyle choices
b. Health protection: minimum guidelines of standards for prevention of disease;
do not necessarily prevent disease but may allow for early treatment.
c. Levels of Prevention
i. Primary: prevent disease before it happens (education)
ii. Secondary: identify at risk patients, diagnose and treat (screening)
iii. Tertiary: prevent complications (rehab)
d. Most important factor to determine potential for health program is r/t
engagement and input of learners.
3. Public Health Tools
a. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System: provides identification of
emerging health problems.
b. American Community Survey: provides info r/t income, poverty, and
occupational factors
c. Shoe Leather Approach: involves traveling through community to determine
characteristics and needs.
d. HP 2020: biggest goal is to increase of life expectancy.
4. Community Assessment
a. Steps: define community, examine resources, collect data, determine needs,
create plan
, NSG 3480: Nursing Theories
1. Critical Theoretical Perspective
a. Uses societal awareness to expose social inequalities that keep people from
reaching their full potential
b. Example: The community health nurse teaches the dangers of unsafe driving
to newly licensed or soon-to-be licensed teenage drivers to explain the societal
impact of the behavior.
2. Pender’s Health Promotion Model:
a. Contains 7 behavior-specific cognitions and affect: perceived benefits of
action, perceived barriers to action, perceived self-efficacy, activity-related
affect, interpersonal influences (family, peers, providers), situational
influences (options, demand characteristics [time, resources, etc.]), and
commitment to a plan of action
b. Example: A patient is willing to begin a smoke cessation program because he
feels that it will improve his health.
3. Milio’s Framework for Prevention
a. Behavioral patterns of the populations-and individuals who make up
populations are a result of habitual selection from limited choices; examines
the rationale r/t personal or societal resources
b. Example: A patient does not engage in preventative health because she does
not have health insurance.
4. Health Belief Model
a. Six concepts: Perceived susceptibility, Perceived severity, Perceived benefits,
Perceived barriers, Cues to action, Self-efficacy
b. Example: A community health nurse explores a group of middle-aged adults’
beliefs about the potential impact of chronic disease and their related
susceptibility based on their lifestyle choices.
5. Theory of Reasoned Action
a. Based on the assumption that all behavior is determined by one’s behavioral
intentions. These intentions are determined by one’s attitude regarding a
behavior and the subjective norms associated with the behavior.
b. Example: A patient believes strongly that better dietary habits will have
positive results, so she takes the time to prepare her own food for her meals
rather than rely on quicker options such as fast food.
6. Theory of Planned Behavior
a. Behaviors are influenced by intentions, which are determined by three factors:
attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control.
b. Example: If a patient believes the important people in his life would
disapprove if he smoked cigarettes, he should be less likely to intend to smoke
cigarettes and subsequently less likely to actually smoke cigarettes.
7. Dorothy Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory
a. Dorothy Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory emphasizes the importance
of self-care in maintaining optimal health. According to this theory,
individuals have the ability and responsibility to engage in self-care activities
to maintain their well-being. The nurse's role, in the context of this theory, is
, to assess and address self-care deficits when individuals are unable to meet
their own needs adequately.
b. Example: A community health nurse is providing care to a client with a
chronic illness. The nurse identifies deficits in the client's ability to perform
self-care activities.
, NSG 3480 Reading Guide
1. Nursing Theories: purpose is to improve quality of practice.
a. Critical Theoretical Perspective: societal awareness to expose social
inequalities.
b. Pender HPM: 7 variables (perceived benefits, barriers, self-efficacy, etc.)
c. Milio’s Framework: examines personal and societal resources of patient.
d. Freire’s Approach to Empowerment: active participation is required for
effective learning.
2. Public Health Principles
a. Risk factors in US: all leading COD are r/t lifestyle choices
b. Health protection: minimum guidelines of standards for prevention of disease;
do not necessarily prevent disease but may allow for early treatment.
c. Levels of Prevention
i. Primary: prevent disease before it happens (education)
ii. Secondary: identify at risk patients, diagnose and treat (screening)
iii. Tertiary: prevent complications (rehab)
d. Most important factor to determine potential for health program is r/t
engagement and input of learners.
3. Public Health Tools
a. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System: provides identification of
emerging health problems.
b. American Community Survey: provides info r/t income, poverty, and
occupational factors
c. Shoe Leather Approach: involves traveling through community to determine
characteristics and needs.
d. HP 2020: biggest goal is to increase of life expectancy.
4. Community Assessment
a. Steps: define community, examine resources, collect data, determine needs,
create plan
, NSG 3480: Nursing Theories
1. Critical Theoretical Perspective
a. Uses societal awareness to expose social inequalities that keep people from
reaching their full potential
b. Example: The community health nurse teaches the dangers of unsafe driving
to newly licensed or soon-to-be licensed teenage drivers to explain the societal
impact of the behavior.
2. Pender’s Health Promotion Model:
a. Contains 7 behavior-specific cognitions and affect: perceived benefits of
action, perceived barriers to action, perceived self-efficacy, activity-related
affect, interpersonal influences (family, peers, providers), situational
influences (options, demand characteristics [time, resources, etc.]), and
commitment to a plan of action
b. Example: A patient is willing to begin a smoke cessation program because he
feels that it will improve his health.
3. Milio’s Framework for Prevention
a. Behavioral patterns of the populations-and individuals who make up
populations are a result of habitual selection from limited choices; examines
the rationale r/t personal or societal resources
b. Example: A patient does not engage in preventative health because she does
not have health insurance.
4. Health Belief Model
a. Six concepts: Perceived susceptibility, Perceived severity, Perceived benefits,
Perceived barriers, Cues to action, Self-efficacy
b. Example: A community health nurse explores a group of middle-aged adults’
beliefs about the potential impact of chronic disease and their related
susceptibility based on their lifestyle choices.
5. Theory of Reasoned Action
a. Based on the assumption that all behavior is determined by one’s behavioral
intentions. These intentions are determined by one’s attitude regarding a
behavior and the subjective norms associated with the behavior.
b. Example: A patient believes strongly that better dietary habits will have
positive results, so she takes the time to prepare her own food for her meals
rather than rely on quicker options such as fast food.
6. Theory of Planned Behavior
a. Behaviors are influenced by intentions, which are determined by three factors:
attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control.
b. Example: If a patient believes the important people in his life would
disapprove if he smoked cigarettes, he should be less likely to intend to smoke
cigarettes and subsequently less likely to actually smoke cigarettes.
7. Dorothy Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory
a. Dorothy Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory emphasizes the importance
of self-care in maintaining optimal health. According to this theory,
individuals have the ability and responsibility to engage in self-care activities
to maintain their well-being. The nurse's role, in the context of this theory, is
, to assess and address self-care deficits when individuals are unable to meet
their own needs adequately.
b. Example: A community health nurse is providing care to a client with a
chronic illness. The nurse identifies deficits in the client's ability to perform
self-care activities.
