VTPB 221 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE
Causative Agents of Malaria - Answer -Plasmodium protozoa
- P. falciparum: cerebral malaria
- P. malariae: subtropics
- P. vivax, ovale: persistent liver stage
Reservoir for Malaria - Answer -Humans
Vector for Malaria - Answer -Female anopheles mosquito
Host for Malaria - Answer -Humans
Symptoms of Malaria - Answer -Chills, fever, and headaches in 48-72 hour cycles; also
anemia caused by RBC death
Treatment for Malaria - Answer -Penicillin, no vaccine
Preventions for Malaria - Answer -The host can be made less susceptible through anti-
malarial drugs, better nutrition, bed nets, etc. The reservoir can be diminished by
treating them more quickly. The vector can be controlled and gotten rid of.
Malaria in the early Americas - Answer -1st wave of P. malariae from Europeans to the
Native Americans, 2nd wave of P. falciparum from the West African slave trade
Malaria in Algeria - Answer -Laveran (French) discovered the plasmodium parasite in
the RBC of infected soldiers
Malaria in India - Answer -Ross (British) discovered the vector for ague/intermittent
fever
Life Cycle of Malaria - Answer -14-21 days for the in host before the mosquito can pick
it up, 14-21 days in mosquito before it moves to the proboscis and can be transferred to
humans.
Causative Agent of Syphilis - Answer -bacteria called Treponema pallidum
History of Syphilis - Answer -Spread to Spain and then the rest Europe from the
American Indians. Spanish/French Disease. Named for a classical story about Apollo
cursing a shepherd. Syphilization of prostitutes in 1800s France. Tuskegee incident in
1920s-1970s.
Mortality Rate for Syphilis - Answer -50% to almost 0%
1. Most susceptible are killed and the resilient survive to pass on those genes
2. The highly virulent strains kill themselves by killing the host
, 3. STDs require attractive people to spread it, so gross, visible lesions were selected
against.
Types of Syphilis - Answer -Primary: causes chancre which is the result of
inflammations. When is ruptures, it causes a weeping lesion that is full of syphilis
Secondary: Gets into the bloodstream and causes rash, blindness, etc.
Tertiary: can take 10-20 years to develop. Can cause General Paralysis of the Insane
(GPI)
Causative Agent for the Plague - Answer -Yersinia pestis
Reservoir for the Black Death - Answer -Ratus ratus
Vector for the Black Death - Answer -Fleas
Host for the Black Death - Answer -Humans
Treatment for the Black Death - Answer -Antibiotics, short term vaccine
1st wave of the Black Death - Answer -Justinian, Nile > Alexandria > E. Roman Empire.
Accelerated decline of Roman Empire
2nd Wave of the Black Death - Answer -Asian rats (1330s) > Silk Road > Kaffa,
Crimean Peninsula, Black Sea (Tarter bodies to traders) > Sicily and Marseilles >
England > Scotland and Ireland > Scandinavia
3rd Wave of the Black Death - Answer -China > San Fran (first appearance in US
because of faster travel, Chinatown quarantined) > Madagascar
Discovery of the Black Death - Answer -Yersin discovered, named after Pastuer b/c he
thought it was that kind of bacteria
Mortality and Catholicism - Answer -Last Rites/Catholics
Clinical Signs of the Black Death - Answer -5 days to kill; flu like symptoms > large
black spots > swellings of the lymph nodes called buboes; Pneumonic only took three
days to kill because it went directly to the lungs
Solutions for the 2nd wave of the Black Plague - Answer -France/Belgium killed the
Jews, the Pope fled, killed all of the dogs and cats in London (increased rat population)
Causative Agent for Smallpox - Answer -virus named variola
Viriolation - Answer -Started in 12th century China; They performed viriolation where
they would make a cut in the arm and put smallpox scabs in the cut to give them
lesions, and only 1 to 2 percent died.
Causative Agents of Malaria - Answer -Plasmodium protozoa
- P. falciparum: cerebral malaria
- P. malariae: subtropics
- P. vivax, ovale: persistent liver stage
Reservoir for Malaria - Answer -Humans
Vector for Malaria - Answer -Female anopheles mosquito
Host for Malaria - Answer -Humans
Symptoms of Malaria - Answer -Chills, fever, and headaches in 48-72 hour cycles; also
anemia caused by RBC death
Treatment for Malaria - Answer -Penicillin, no vaccine
Preventions for Malaria - Answer -The host can be made less susceptible through anti-
malarial drugs, better nutrition, bed nets, etc. The reservoir can be diminished by
treating them more quickly. The vector can be controlled and gotten rid of.
Malaria in the early Americas - Answer -1st wave of P. malariae from Europeans to the
Native Americans, 2nd wave of P. falciparum from the West African slave trade
Malaria in Algeria - Answer -Laveran (French) discovered the plasmodium parasite in
the RBC of infected soldiers
Malaria in India - Answer -Ross (British) discovered the vector for ague/intermittent
fever
Life Cycle of Malaria - Answer -14-21 days for the in host before the mosquito can pick
it up, 14-21 days in mosquito before it moves to the proboscis and can be transferred to
humans.
Causative Agent of Syphilis - Answer -bacteria called Treponema pallidum
History of Syphilis - Answer -Spread to Spain and then the rest Europe from the
American Indians. Spanish/French Disease. Named for a classical story about Apollo
cursing a shepherd. Syphilization of prostitutes in 1800s France. Tuskegee incident in
1920s-1970s.
Mortality Rate for Syphilis - Answer -50% to almost 0%
1. Most susceptible are killed and the resilient survive to pass on those genes
2. The highly virulent strains kill themselves by killing the host
, 3. STDs require attractive people to spread it, so gross, visible lesions were selected
against.
Types of Syphilis - Answer -Primary: causes chancre which is the result of
inflammations. When is ruptures, it causes a weeping lesion that is full of syphilis
Secondary: Gets into the bloodstream and causes rash, blindness, etc.
Tertiary: can take 10-20 years to develop. Can cause General Paralysis of the Insane
(GPI)
Causative Agent for the Plague - Answer -Yersinia pestis
Reservoir for the Black Death - Answer -Ratus ratus
Vector for the Black Death - Answer -Fleas
Host for the Black Death - Answer -Humans
Treatment for the Black Death - Answer -Antibiotics, short term vaccine
1st wave of the Black Death - Answer -Justinian, Nile > Alexandria > E. Roman Empire.
Accelerated decline of Roman Empire
2nd Wave of the Black Death - Answer -Asian rats (1330s) > Silk Road > Kaffa,
Crimean Peninsula, Black Sea (Tarter bodies to traders) > Sicily and Marseilles >
England > Scotland and Ireland > Scandinavia
3rd Wave of the Black Death - Answer -China > San Fran (first appearance in US
because of faster travel, Chinatown quarantined) > Madagascar
Discovery of the Black Death - Answer -Yersin discovered, named after Pastuer b/c he
thought it was that kind of bacteria
Mortality and Catholicism - Answer -Last Rites/Catholics
Clinical Signs of the Black Death - Answer -5 days to kill; flu like symptoms > large
black spots > swellings of the lymph nodes called buboes; Pneumonic only took three
days to kill because it went directly to the lungs
Solutions for the 2nd wave of the Black Plague - Answer -France/Belgium killed the
Jews, the Pope fled, killed all of the dogs and cats in London (increased rat population)
Causative Agent for Smallpox - Answer -virus named variola
Viriolation - Answer -Started in 12th century China; They performed viriolation where
they would make a cut in the arm and put smallpox scabs in the cut to give them
lesions, and only 1 to 2 percent died.
