Chapter01: Nursing Today
f f f
Potter:Fundamentals ofNursing,11thEdition
f f f f f
MULTIPLE CHOICE f
1. Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on health?
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
a. FlorenceNightingale f
b. Mary Nutting f
c. ClaraBarton f
d. Lillian Wald f
ANS: A f
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected poor
f f f f f f f f f f f
sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton, and Lillian Wald came after
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way. Mary Nutting was
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
instrumental in moving nursing education into universities. Clara Barton founded the American
f f f f f f f f f f f f
Red Cross. Lillian Wald helped open the Henry Street Settlement.
f f f f f f f f f f
DIF:Understand(comprehension) f
OBJ:Discussthe influenceof social, historical, political, and economic changes onnursing practices.
f f f f f f f f f f f f
TOP: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance f f f f
2. The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcome. Which standard of
f f f f f f f f f f f f
nursing practice is the nurse following?
f f f f f f
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ANS: C f
In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered nurse collects comprehensive data
f f f f f f f f f f
pertinent to the patient’s health and/or the situation. In diagnosis, the registered nurse analyzes the
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
assessment data to determine the diagnoses or issues. During implementation, the registered nurse
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
implements (carries out) the identified plan.
f f f f f f
DIF:Understand(comprehension) f
OBJ:Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. f f f f f f TOP:Planning f
MSC: Management of Care
f f f f
3. An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which level of
f f f f f f f f f f f
proficiency is the nurse upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
f f f f f f f f f f f
a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced beginner f
ANS: A f
, A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous level of
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to now practice in home health) is
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
an example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse perceives a patient’s clinical situation as a whole, is
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
able to assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
experiences to a situation. A competent nurse understands the organization and specific care
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
required by the type of patients (e.g., surgical, oncology, or orthopedic patients). This nurse is a
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
competent practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing care and establish long-range goals. A
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
nurse who has had some level of experience with the situation is an advanced beginner. This
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
experience may only be observational in nature, but the nurse is able to identify meaningful aspects
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
or principles of nursing care.
f f f f f
DIF:Apply (application) f
OBJ:Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. f f f f f f TOP:Evaluation f
MSC: Management of Care
f f f f
4. A nurse assesses a patient’s fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink more fluids. The
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
fnurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept is the nurse demonstrating?
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
ANS: B f
Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of independent
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
nursing interventions without medical orders. To obtain licensure in the United States, the RN
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
candidate must pass the NCLEX-RN. Beyond the NCLEX-RN, the nurse may choose to work
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
toward certification in a specific area of nursing practice. Accountability means that you are
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
responsible, professionally and legally, for the type and quality of nursing care provided.
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
DIF:Apply (application) f
OBJ:Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. f f f f f f f TOP:Implementation f
MSC: Management of Care
f f f f
5. A nurse prepares the budget and policies for an intensive care unit. Which role is the nurse
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
implementing?
f
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS: B f
, A manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering nursing care and
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
has personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility for a specific nursing unit or facility. As an
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
educator, you explain concepts and facts about health, describe the reason for routine care
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
activities, demonstrate procedures such as self-care activities, reinforce learning or patient
f f f f f f f f f f f
behavior, and evaluate the patient’s progress in learning. As a patient advocate, you protect your
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
patient’s human and legal rights and provide assistance in asserting these rights if the need arises. As
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
a caregiver, you help patients maintain and regain health, manage disease and symptoms, and
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
attain a maximal level function and independence through the healing process.
f f f f f f f f f f f
DIF:Apply (application) f
OBJ:Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. f f f f f f f TOP:Implementation f
MSC: Management of Care
f f f f
6. The nurse has been working in the clinical setting for several years as an advanced practice nurse.
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
However, the nurse has a strong desire to pursue research and theory development. To fulfill this
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
desire, which program should the nurse attend?
f f f f f f f
a. Doctor of Nursing Science degree (DNSc) f f f f f
b. Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD) f f f f
c. Doctor of Nursing Practice degree (DNP) f f f f f
d. Doctor in the Science of Nursing degree (DSN) f f f f f f f
ANS: B f
Some doctoral programs prepare nurses for more rigorous research and theory development and
f f f f f f f f f f f f
award the research-oriented Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in nursing. Professional doctoral
f f f f f f f f f f f
programs in nursing (DSN or DNSc) prepare graduates to apply research findings to clinical
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
nursing. The DNP is a practice doctorate that prepares advanced practice nurses such as nurse
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
practitioners.
f
DIF:Understand(comprehension) f
OBJ:Compare and contrast the educational programs available for professional registered nurse (RN) f f f f f f f f f f f
education.
f TOP: Teaching/Learning MSC: Management of Care f f f f
7. A nurse attends a workshop on current nursing issues provided by the American Nurses
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
Association. Which type of education did the nurse receive?
f f f f f f f f f
a. Graduate education f
b. Inserviceeducation f
c. Continuing education f
d. Registered nurse education f f
ANS: C f
Continuing education involves formal, organized educational programs offered by universities,
f f f f f f f f f
hospitals, state nurses associations, professional nursing organizations, and educational and health
f f f f f f f f f f f
care institutions. After obtaining a baccalaureate degree in nursing, you can pursue graduate
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
education leading to a master’s or doctoral degree in any number of graduate fields, including
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
nursing. Inservice education programs are instruction or training provided by a health care facility
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
or institution. Registered nurse education is the education preparation for an individual intending
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
to be an RN.
f f f f
DIF:Apply (application) f
OBJ:Compareandcontrast theeducational programs available for professional registered nurse (RN) f f f f f f f f f f f
, education. TOP: Teaching/Learning f MSC: Management of Care f f f
8. A nurse identifies gaps between local and best practices. Which Quality and Safety Education for
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
Nurses (QSEN) competency is the nurse demonstrating?
f f f f f f f
a. Safety
b. Patient-centeredcare f
c. Qualityimprovement f
d. Teamwork and collaboration f f
ANS: C f
Quality improvement identifies gaps between local and best practices. Safety minimizes risk of
f f f f f f f f f f f f
harm to patients and providers through both system effectiveness and individual performance.
f f f f f f f f f f f f
Patient-centered care recognizes the patient or designee as the source of control and full partner in
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
providing compassionate and coordinated care based on respect for patient’s preferences, values,
f f f f f f f f f f f f
and needs. Teamwork and collaboration allows effective functioning within nursing and
f f f f f f f f f f f
interprofessional teams, fostering open communication, mutual respect, and shared decision
f f f f f f f f f f
making.
f
DIF:Understand(comprehension) f
OBJ:Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. f f f f f f f TOP:Evaluation f
MSC: Management of Care
f f f f
9. A nurse has compassion fatigue. What is the nurse experiencing?
f f f f f f f f f
a. Lateral violence and intrapersonal conflict f f f f
b. Burnout and secondary traumatic stress f f f f
c. Short-term grief and single stressor f f f f
d. Physical and mental exhaustion f f f
ANS: B f
Compassion fatigue is a term used to describe a state of burnout and secondary traumatic stress.
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
Compassion fatigue may contribute to what is described as lateral violence
f f f f f f f f f f f
(nurse-nurse interactions, not intrapersonal). Frequent, intense, or prolonged exposure to grief and
f f f f f f f f f f f
loss places nurses at risk for developing compassion fatigue. Stressors, not a single stressor,
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
contribute to compassion fatigue. Physical and mental exhaustion describes burnout only.
f f f f f f f f f f f
DIF:Understand(comprehension) f
OBJ:Discusstheinfluenceof social, historical, political, and economic changes onnursing practices.
f f f f f f f f f f f f
TOP: Assessment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance f f f f
10. A patient is scheduled for surgery. When getting ready to obtain the informed consent, the patient
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
tells the nurse, ―I have no idea what is goingto happen. Icouldn’t ask any questions.‖ The nurse does
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
not allow the patient to sign the permit and notifies the health care provider of the situation. Which
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
role is the nurse displaying?
f f f f f
a. Manager
b. Patienteducator f
c. Patientadvocate f
d. Clinical nurse specialist f f
ANS: C f
f f f
Potter:Fundamentals ofNursing,11thEdition
f f f f f
MULTIPLE CHOICE f
1. Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on health?
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
a. FlorenceNightingale f
b. Mary Nutting f
c. ClaraBarton f
d. Lillian Wald f
ANS: A f
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected poor
f f f f f f f f f f f
sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton, and Lillian Wald came after
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way. Mary Nutting was
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
instrumental in moving nursing education into universities. Clara Barton founded the American
f f f f f f f f f f f f
Red Cross. Lillian Wald helped open the Henry Street Settlement.
f f f f f f f f f f
DIF:Understand(comprehension) f
OBJ:Discussthe influenceof social, historical, political, and economic changes onnursing practices.
f f f f f f f f f f f f
TOP: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance f f f f
2. The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcome. Which standard of
f f f f f f f f f f f f
nursing practice is the nurse following?
f f f f f f
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ANS: C f
In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered nurse collects comprehensive data
f f f f f f f f f f
pertinent to the patient’s health and/or the situation. In diagnosis, the registered nurse analyzes the
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
assessment data to determine the diagnoses or issues. During implementation, the registered nurse
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
implements (carries out) the identified plan.
f f f f f f
DIF:Understand(comprehension) f
OBJ:Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. f f f f f f TOP:Planning f
MSC: Management of Care
f f f f
3. An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which level of
f f f f f f f f f f f
proficiency is the nurse upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
f f f f f f f f f f f
a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced beginner f
ANS: A f
, A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous level of
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to now practice in home health) is
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
an example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse perceives a patient’s clinical situation as a whole, is
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
able to assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
experiences to a situation. A competent nurse understands the organization and specific care
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
required by the type of patients (e.g., surgical, oncology, or orthopedic patients). This nurse is a
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
competent practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing care and establish long-range goals. A
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
nurse who has had some level of experience with the situation is an advanced beginner. This
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
experience may only be observational in nature, but the nurse is able to identify meaningful aspects
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
or principles of nursing care.
f f f f f
DIF:Apply (application) f
OBJ:Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. f f f f f f TOP:Evaluation f
MSC: Management of Care
f f f f
4. A nurse assesses a patient’s fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink more fluids. The
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
fnurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept is the nurse demonstrating?
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
ANS: B f
Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of independent
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
nursing interventions without medical orders. To obtain licensure in the United States, the RN
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
candidate must pass the NCLEX-RN. Beyond the NCLEX-RN, the nurse may choose to work
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
toward certification in a specific area of nursing practice. Accountability means that you are
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
responsible, professionally and legally, for the type and quality of nursing care provided.
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
DIF:Apply (application) f
OBJ:Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. f f f f f f f TOP:Implementation f
MSC: Management of Care
f f f f
5. A nurse prepares the budget and policies for an intensive care unit. Which role is the nurse
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
implementing?
f
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS: B f
, A manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering nursing care and
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
has personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility for a specific nursing unit or facility. As an
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
educator, you explain concepts and facts about health, describe the reason for routine care
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
activities, demonstrate procedures such as self-care activities, reinforce learning or patient
f f f f f f f f f f f
behavior, and evaluate the patient’s progress in learning. As a patient advocate, you protect your
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
patient’s human and legal rights and provide assistance in asserting these rights if the need arises. As
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
a caregiver, you help patients maintain and regain health, manage disease and symptoms, and
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
attain a maximal level function and independence through the healing process.
f f f f f f f f f f f
DIF:Apply (application) f
OBJ:Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. f f f f f f f TOP:Implementation f
MSC: Management of Care
f f f f
6. The nurse has been working in the clinical setting for several years as an advanced practice nurse.
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
However, the nurse has a strong desire to pursue research and theory development. To fulfill this
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
desire, which program should the nurse attend?
f f f f f f f
a. Doctor of Nursing Science degree (DNSc) f f f f f
b. Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD) f f f f
c. Doctor of Nursing Practice degree (DNP) f f f f f
d. Doctor in the Science of Nursing degree (DSN) f f f f f f f
ANS: B f
Some doctoral programs prepare nurses for more rigorous research and theory development and
f f f f f f f f f f f f
award the research-oriented Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in nursing. Professional doctoral
f f f f f f f f f f f
programs in nursing (DSN or DNSc) prepare graduates to apply research findings to clinical
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
nursing. The DNP is a practice doctorate that prepares advanced practice nurses such as nurse
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
practitioners.
f
DIF:Understand(comprehension) f
OBJ:Compare and contrast the educational programs available for professional registered nurse (RN) f f f f f f f f f f f
education.
f TOP: Teaching/Learning MSC: Management of Care f f f f
7. A nurse attends a workshop on current nursing issues provided by the American Nurses
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
Association. Which type of education did the nurse receive?
f f f f f f f f f
a. Graduate education f
b. Inserviceeducation f
c. Continuing education f
d. Registered nurse education f f
ANS: C f
Continuing education involves formal, organized educational programs offered by universities,
f f f f f f f f f
hospitals, state nurses associations, professional nursing organizations, and educational and health
f f f f f f f f f f f
care institutions. After obtaining a baccalaureate degree in nursing, you can pursue graduate
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
education leading to a master’s or doctoral degree in any number of graduate fields, including
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
nursing. Inservice education programs are instruction or training provided by a health care facility
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
or institution. Registered nurse education is the education preparation for an individual intending
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
to be an RN.
f f f f
DIF:Apply (application) f
OBJ:Compareandcontrast theeducational programs available for professional registered nurse (RN) f f f f f f f f f f f
, education. TOP: Teaching/Learning f MSC: Management of Care f f f
8. A nurse identifies gaps between local and best practices. Which Quality and Safety Education for
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
Nurses (QSEN) competency is the nurse demonstrating?
f f f f f f f
a. Safety
b. Patient-centeredcare f
c. Qualityimprovement f
d. Teamwork and collaboration f f
ANS: C f
Quality improvement identifies gaps between local and best practices. Safety minimizes risk of
f f f f f f f f f f f f
harm to patients and providers through both system effectiveness and individual performance.
f f f f f f f f f f f f
Patient-centered care recognizes the patient or designee as the source of control and full partner in
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
providing compassionate and coordinated care based on respect for patient’s preferences, values,
f f f f f f f f f f f f
and needs. Teamwork and collaboration allows effective functioning within nursing and
f f f f f f f f f f f
interprofessional teams, fostering open communication, mutual respect, and shared decision
f f f f f f f f f f
making.
f
DIF:Understand(comprehension) f
OBJ:Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. f f f f f f f TOP:Evaluation f
MSC: Management of Care
f f f f
9. A nurse has compassion fatigue. What is the nurse experiencing?
f f f f f f f f f
a. Lateral violence and intrapersonal conflict f f f f
b. Burnout and secondary traumatic stress f f f f
c. Short-term grief and single stressor f f f f
d. Physical and mental exhaustion f f f
ANS: B f
Compassion fatigue is a term used to describe a state of burnout and secondary traumatic stress.
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
Compassion fatigue may contribute to what is described as lateral violence
f f f f f f f f f f f
(nurse-nurse interactions, not intrapersonal). Frequent, intense, or prolonged exposure to grief and
f f f f f f f f f f f
loss places nurses at risk for developing compassion fatigue. Stressors, not a single stressor,
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
contribute to compassion fatigue. Physical and mental exhaustion describes burnout only.
f f f f f f f f f f f
DIF:Understand(comprehension) f
OBJ:Discusstheinfluenceof social, historical, political, and economic changes onnursing practices.
f f f f f f f f f f f f
TOP: Assessment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance f f f f
10. A patient is scheduled for surgery. When getting ready to obtain the informed consent, the patient
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
tells the nurse, ―I have no idea what is goingto happen. Icouldn’t ask any questions.‖ The nurse does
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
not allow the patient to sign the permit and notifies the health care provider of the situation. Which
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
role is the nurse displaying?
f f f f f
a. Manager
b. Patienteducator f
c. Patientadvocate f
d. Clinical nurse specialist f f
ANS: C f
